Creation and testing of a practical visual function assessment for use in Africa: correlation with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and near vision in Malawian adults

Karin van Dijk; Susan Lewallen; Moses Chirambo; Jane Gardiner; Brian Hoar; Janette Lindley; N Kevin Wade; Paul Courtright

doi:10.1136/bjo.83.7.792

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Original Article

Creation and testing of a practical visual function assessment for use in Africa: correlation with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and near vision in Malawian adults

Online download statistics by month:

Online download statistics by month: June 1999 to March 2024

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jun 1999	6	10	7
Jul 1999	11	15	1
Aug 1999	3	1	0
Sep 1999	1	0	0
Oct 1999	1	0	0
Nov 1999	1	1	0
Dec 1999	1	0	0
Jan 2000	0	3	1
Mar 2000	1	0	0
Apr 2000	2	0	0
May 2000	1	1	0
Jun 2000	1	0	2
Jul 2000	3	12	0
Aug 2000	2	2	0
Sep 2000	1	2	1
Oct 2000	2	2	1
Nov 2000	1	1	0
Dec 2000	2	1	2
Jan 2001	3	9	1
Feb 2001	1	0	1
Mar 2001	2	10	0
Apr 2001	0	7	1
May 2001	0	1	0
Jun 2001	1	1	0
Jul 2001	2	5	0
Aug 2001	1	5	0
Sep 2001	0	1	0
Oct 2001	1	0	0
Nov 2001	0	4	1
Dec 2001	1	3	2
Jan 2002	2	2	0
Feb 2002	0	12	2
Mar 2002	0	3	0
Apr 2002	1	2	2
May 2002	1	7	1
Jun 2002	0	5	1
Jul 2002	0	0	2
Aug 2002	0	1	2
Sep 2002	0	3	1
Oct 2002	0	2	1
Nov 2002	0	8	3
Dec 2002	0	2	2
Feb 2003	0	5	4
Mar 2003	2	3	3
Apr 2003	1	7	2
May 2003	0	2	0
Jun 2003	2	6	1
Jul 2003	8	12	3
Aug 2003	10	18	2
Sep 2003	12	14	3
Oct 2003	8	11	2
Nov 2003	14	13	4
Dec 2003	10	23	1
Jan 2004	14	22	2
Feb 2004	6	13	6
Mar 2004	12	10	8
Apr 2004	15	16	1
May 2004	36	37	5
Jun 2004	34	39	1
Jul 2004	34	33	1
Aug 2004	28	34	5
Sep 2004	10	16	2
Oct 2004	13	24	2
Nov 2004	10	35	3
Dec 2004	16	29	4
Jan 2005	14	21	1
Feb 2005	14	27	2
Mar 2005	8	30	3
Apr 2005	3	4	2
May 2005	2	7	17
Jun 2005	5	14	7
Jul 2005	5	13	10
Aug 2005	3	13	5
Sep 2005	7	18	4
Oct 2005	4	24	10
Nov 2005	14	17	2
Dec 2005	9	16	4
Jan 2006	2	12	3
Feb 2006	3	15	3
Mar 2006	4	13	4
Apr 2006	4	4	1
May 2006	7	14	7
Jun 2006	8	10	8
Jul 2006	5	9	6
Aug 2006	6	22	6
Sep 2006	13	31	16
Oct 2006	5	26	11
Nov 2006	6	39	14
Dec 2006	3	18	4
Jan 2007	12	24	7
Feb 2007	11	23	3
Mar 2007	3	27	12
Apr 2007	18	8	6
May 2007	28	7	2
Jun 2007	14	7	4
Jul 2007	16	6	7
Aug 2007	7	6	3
Sep 2007	15	6	3
Oct 2007	8	5	6
Nov 2007	16	1	3
Dec 2007	5	4	5
Jan 2008	11	11	6
Feb 2008	7	8	5
Mar 2008	10	4	0
Apr 2008	15	6	3
May 2008	9	0	3
Jun 2008	13	3	4
Jul 2008	16	1	1
Aug 2008	11	5	2
Sep 2008	12	1	0
Oct 2008	4	1	2
Nov 2008	5	1	4
Dec 2008	6	2	2
Jan 2009	5	3	4
Feb 2009	11	0	1
Mar 2009	12	2	3
Apr 2009	10	0	3
May 2009	6	2	4
Jun 2009	17	0	2
Jul 2009	6	0	2
Aug 2009	8	2	2
Sep 2009	13	0	1
Oct 2009	11	1	1
Nov 2009	5	3	2
Dec 2009	4	2	2
Jan 2010	7	3	2
Feb 2010	2	1	1
Mar 2010	1	3	3
Apr 2010	4	1	1
May 2010	1	2	3
Jun 2010	9	0	2
Jul 2010	2	1	9
Aug 2010	2	2	2
Sep 2010	5	3	0
Oct 2010	22	8	17
Nov 2010	7	2	1
Dec 2010	5	2	3
Jan 2011	4	3	1
Feb 2011	4	1	1
Mar 2011	5	2	1
Apr 2011	3	1	3
May 2011	2	2	0
Jun 2011	5	2	1
Jul 2011	3	0	1
Aug 2011	4	0	1
Sep 2011	4	0	0
Oct 2011	3	1	2
Nov 2011	12	15	1
Dec 2011	10	10	6
Jan 2012	13	11	7
Feb 2012	5	7	3
Mar 2012	13	11	6
Apr 2012	10	9	7
May 2012	3	9	2
Jun 2012	4	10	3
Jul 2012	2	12	7
Aug 2012	2	9	5
Sep 2012	16	12	7
Oct 2012	18	5	8
Nov 2012	24	23	7
Dec 2012	12	12	1
Jan 2013	39	17	15
Feb 2013	22	14	6
Mar 2013	14	11	6
Apr 2013	35	10	16
May 2013	28	16	13
Jun 2013	19	8	8
Jul 2013	10	7	3
Aug 2013	18	3	3
Sep 2013	8	2	2
Oct 2013	3	1	7
Nov 2013	4	9	4
Dec 2013	3	4	3
Jan 2014	6	4	7
Feb 2014	4	5	3
Mar 2014	7	7	4
Apr 2014	9	9	8
May 2014	12	20	13
Jun 2014	8	28	20
Jul 2014	5	18	15
Aug 2014	7	4	2
Sep 2014	10	6	7
Oct 2014	5	6	7
Nov 2014	4	1	5
Dec 2014	5	1	6
Jan 2015	8	8	8
Feb 2015	4	1	6
Mar 2015	14	1	6
Apr 2015	11	3	6
May 2015	8	5	11
Jun 2015	9	3	13
Jul 2015	8	1	12
Aug 2015	6	6	8
Sep 2015	8	1	3
Oct 2015	3	4	7
Nov 2015	2	3	10
Dec 2015	5	10	17
Jan 2016	3	3	4
Feb 2016	5	2	12
Mar 2016	16	4	12
Apr 2016	5	5	8
May 2016	1	2	4
Jun 2016	2	5	45
Jul 2016	2	1	8
Aug 2016	9	5	0
Sep 2016	7	8	2
Oct 2016	7	7	6
Nov 2016	2	8	5
Dec 2016	2	6	2
Jan 2017	3	9	3
Feb 2017	1	11	2
Mar 2017	4	8	4
Apr 2017	0	11	2
May 2017	1	18	2
Jun 2017	8	16	2
Jul 2017	16	16	3
Aug 2017	15	11	2
Sep 2017	62	60	5
Oct 2017	123	121	0
Nov 2017	63	61	3
Dec 2017	115	115	0
Jan 2018	80	72	0
Feb 2018	96	92	6
Mar 2018	60	58	1
Apr 2018	65	65	0
May 2018	45	43	0
Jun 2018	43	43	1
Jul 2018	66	64	1
Aug 2018	55	53	2
Sep 2018	57	57	1
Oct 2018	35	35	9
Nov 2018	42	42	3
Dec 2018	52	50	2
Jan 2019	46	44	3
Feb 2019	46	41	5
Mar 2019	15	14	7
Apr 2019	5	5	6
May 2019	21	21	9
Jun 2019	39	37	9
Jul 2019	33	33	7
Aug 2019	44	40	9
Sep 2019	33	33	11
Oct 2019	33	33	2
Nov 2019	42	40	8
Dec 2019	40	40	3
Jan 2020	40	40	6
Feb 2020	43	42	3
Mar 2020	39	39	15
Apr 2020	40	40	6
May 2020	42	42	6
Jun 2020	31	30	1
Jul 2020	35	35	3
Aug 2020	26	26	2
Sep 2020	42	38	9
Oct 2020	34	34	8
Nov 2020	6	6	6
Dec 2020	47	38	4
Jan 2021	10	9	11
Feb 2021	0	0	2
Mar 2021	4	4	6
Apr 2021	6	4	4
May 2021	5	5	4
Jun 2021	2	2	1
Jul 2021	11	11	11
Aug 2021	4	4	5
Sep 2021	5	5	5
Oct 2021	22	3	19
Nov 2021	23	3	18
Dec 2021	13	3	2
Jan 2022	21	11	2
Feb 2022	9	7	3
Mar 2022	13	13	5
Apr 2022	15	15	3
May 2022	38	34	20
Jun 2022	29	29	9
Jul 2022	11	11	5
Aug 2022	24	22	4
Sep 2022	38	26	14
Oct 2022	25	25	12
Nov 2022	19	17	5
Dec 2022	3	3	6
Jan 2023	11	11	2
Feb 2023	7	4	1
Mar 2023	10	6	5
Apr 2023	14	12	2
May 2023	2	2	4
Jun 2023	5	3	1
Jul 2023	22	16	11
Aug 2023	13	9	9
Sep 2023	3	3	2
Oct 2023	7	8	6
Nov 2023	22	23	7
Dec 2023	66	5	1
Jan 2024	10	0	0
Feb 2024	17	0	0
Mar 2024	165	1	3
Total	4218	3964	1328

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