• vision loss
• vitrectomy
• diabetic retinopathy
• macular oedema

I would agree with Mr Dowler’s assessment of this patient with type 2 diabetes and very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in his right eye. Although the macular oedema is difficult to detect in non-stereoscopic fundus photographs of the macula, the presence of retinal hard exudates strongly suggests the presence of macular oedema. It is possible that this patient may have clinically significant macular oedema, although the retinal hard exudate is located a distance from the centre of fovea. His decreased visual acuity would also suggest the involvement of the fovea, either with …