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Original article
Effects of glaucoma medications and preservatives on cultured human trabecular meshwork and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell lines
  1. David A Ammar,
  2. Malik Y Kahook
  1. Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Malik Y Kahook, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, 1675 Aurora Court, Mail Stop F-731, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; malik.kahook{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Aims We investigated the potential cytotoxicity of various topical ophthalmic glaucoma formulations containing different preservatives in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cell lines.

Methods We tested 0.004% travoprost preserved with either 0.015% benzalkonium chloride (BAK), sofZia or 0.001% Polyquad (PQ); and 0.005% latanoprost preserved with 0.020% BAK. We also tested a range of BAK concentrations in balanced salt solution (BSS). TM cells were treated for 10 min at 37°C with solutions diluted 1:10 to mimic the reduced penetration of topical preparations to the anterior chamber. Viability was determined by the uptake of the fluorescent vital dye calcein-AM (n=6).

Results BAK solutions (diluted 1:10) demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in both cell types (TM and NPCE). With a 1:10 dilution of 0.020% BAK, there were significantly more living NPCE cells (89±6%) than TM cells (57±6%; p<0.001). In TM cells, travoprost + BAK had statistically fewer live cells (83±5%) than both travoprost + sofZia (97±5%) and travoprost + PQ (97±6%; p<0.05). Compared with BSS-treated NPCE cells, travoprost had statistically fewer live cells (p<0.05) when preserved with BAK (85±16%), sofZia (91±6%) or PQ (94±2%).

Conclusions These results demonstrate that substitution of BAK from topical ophthalmic drugs results in greater viability of cultured TM cells, the cells involved in the conventional outflow pathway. Cultured NPCE, responsible for aqueous inflow, appear more resilient to BAK.

  • Benzalkonium chloride
  • ciliary epithelium
  • glaucoma
  • pharmaceutical preservatives
  • synthetic prostaglandins
  • trabecular meshwork
  • biochemistry
  • imaging, glaucoma
  • physiology
  • angiogenesis
  • optic nerve
  • angle
  • clinical trial
  • treatment medical

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Footnotes

  • Funding The current study was funded by Alcon.

  • Competing interests MYK has received research support from Alcon, Genentech, The American Glaucoma Society, Pfizer, Allergan and Merck. DAA has received research support from Alcon.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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