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Papillorenal syndrome in a family with unusual complications
  1. Roly D Megaw1,
  2. Anne Lampe2,
  3. Baljean Dhillon1,
  4. Shigeo Yoshida3,
  5. Alan F Wright4
  1. 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, UK
  2. 2 Department of Genetics, South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
  3. 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
  4. 4 Department of Genetics, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Roly Megaw, Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK; rolymegaw{at}nhs.net

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Papillorenal syndrome is an autosomal-dominant syndrome involving optic nerve abnormalities and hypodysplastic kidneys (OMIM 120330).1 Precise incidence is unknown due to infrequent diagnosis. About 50% of patients have detectable mutations in PAX2,2 a gene encoding a transcription factor that has roles in urogenital and eye development.3 It is also expressed in the ear, central nervous system and pancreas.4 We present a familial case series of papillorenal syndrome and PAX2 mutation with gout, diabetes, unusual hepatobiliary complications and, in one instance, cryptorchidism.

Born with poor vision and right-beating nystagmus, our patient developed high myopia as an infant. Examination revealed excavated, dysplastic optic discs lacking central retinal vessels, with compensatory cilioretinal vessels at the rim (figure 1) At the age of 12, he was diagnosed with hypertension; imaging revealed hypoplastic kidneys. A diagnosis of papillorenal syndrome was made. Subsequent analysis of PAX2 showed a heterozygous mutation in exon 5 (c.567_568dup(p.Ile190ArgfsX85); figure 2). He developed a left inferior retinal detachment (RD) at the age of …

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Footnotes

  • Contributors RDM contributed to conception and design of the case report. He helped acquire figure 1. He drafted the article. AL, BD and AFW contributed to conception and design of the case report. They helped revise it critically for important intellectual content. They gave final approval of the version to be published. SY provided the genetic analysis in figure 2. He gave final approval of the version to be published.

  • Competing interests None.

  • Patient consent Obtained.

  • Ethics approval This is a case series report and so ethical approval was required. We obtained signed consent from the patient to use his images for our report.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.