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Smoking was associated with poor response to intravenous steroids therapy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
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  • Published on: 2 March 2016
    Cigarette smoke extract-mediated oxidative stress and fibrotic-related genes expression may contribute to poor response to steroids therapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Yu-Fan Chang, MD
    • Other Contributors:
      • Chieh-Chih Tsai, MD, PhD.

    We read with great interest the article entitled "Smoking was associated with poor response to intravenous steroids therapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy" by Xing et al [1]. Cigarette smoking is known to be the most important risk factor for the development or deterioration of GO, and it is associated with poor response to treatment for GO. However, the exact mechanisms which prove deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on GO rem...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.