Yoshida et al (see page 451)

The authors found that the concentration of soluble CD163, a specific marker of M2 macrophage, in the vitreous humor was significantly higher in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Kashyap et al (see page 457)

In a study of 109 primary enucleated retinoblastomas, the authors report that CD25B may be used as a potential prognostic marker.

Kurian et al (see page 464)

In a randomised clinical study of 194 patients, the authors observed a similar rate of graft dislodgement and pterygium recurrence in grafts secured with autologous blood as in those secured with fibrin glue.

Hertle et al (see page 471)

This prospective, cross-over, double masked study, in five adult patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome has found that the some associated visual signs and symptoms can be immediately and favorably changed with the use of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor compared to a topical placebo.

Sangwan et al (see page 477)

Literature is laden with the outcomes of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation. Factors affecting these outcomes, especially the histological features of excised corneal pannus, have not been described and are highlighted in the current study.

Chiang et al (see page 482)

The authors report a study in which ocular surface temperature as measured by thermography after blinking was observed to correlate with tear meniscus height and Schirmer's test value.

Khan et al (see page 488)

For children from the Arabian Peninsula with early-onset retinal dystrophy, a specific homozygous recessive mutation in the gene TULP1 is recurrent (c.901C>T; p.Gln301*). In this study of 10 affected children from 8 families, the authors characterize the associated phenotype and demonstrate that the mutation represents a single founder effect.

Kim et al (see page 493)

In a study of 20 healthy volunteers, choroidal thickness was observed to increase significantly in the steep Trendelenburg position (40° head-down) when analysed using automated segmentation software and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography data.

Rao et al (see page 500)

The diagnosis of glaucoma is often only confirmed after substantial structural and functional damage has been observed. Electrophysiological tests such as multifocal ERG may help in the early diagnosis of functional disturbance before it becomes manifest on visual fields. This study evaluates which parameters may be used for routine glaucoma screening.

Nakamura et al (see page 508)

The authors report that the presence of normal photoreceptor inner/outer segment junction in the preoperative OCT images is associated with good visual recovery after cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Sundar et al (see page 512)

This south-east Asian study presents the clinical spectrum of thyroid eye disease in a multiethnic population with an algorithmic approach to management of active inflammatory and burnt-out thyroid orbitopathy highlighting differences in presentation and outcomes.

Wollstein et al (see page 519)

Detection of glaucoma progression is a major clinical challenge. In this study the authors introduce a set of criteria to improve agreement between observers assessing the topographic change analysis report provided by Heidelberg retina tomography.

Keenan et al (see page 524)

Primary open angle glaucoma is modestly associated with vascular dementia but not at all with Alzheimer's disease, despite similarities between these neurodegenerative conditions. People with dementia may have poor access to glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.

Han et al (see page 528)

In a case series of 44 patients with childhood-onset Leigh syndrome, strabismus was the most frequent ophthalmological phenotype and eyelid ptosis was an initial presenting sign in 4 patients (9%).

Wolffsohn et al (see page 536)

Functional visual ability can be quantified reliably and rapidly in research studies and clinical practice using the Aston Reading Speed mobile app, providing automated calculation of threshold acuity, critical print size and optimal reading speed.

Butt et al (see page 540)

The authors report that a contact lens with a central opacity underestimates the severity of the central scotoma in AMD, calling into question some of the economic evaluations for AMD used by NICE.

Latham et al (see page 545)

The two visual acuity standards for UK drivers do not pass and fail the same people. This study examines the discrepancy between the two standards for drivers with borderline acuity due to uncorrected refractive error.

Jampol et al (see page 549)

Patients with cavitary optic disc anomaly (CODA) can present with extension of the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal tissue into the disc.

Velez et al (see page 556)

In a study of 14 patients, rectus muscle plication was observed to spare the ciliary vessels.

Kimura et al (see page 561)

All trans retinoic acid was observed in tissue culture to inhibit TGF-beta induced collagen gel contraction.

Márquez et al (see page 566)

A case-control association study to assess whether the IL17A locus represents a genetic risk factor influencing the predisposition of non-anterior uveitis. The authors hypothesize a specific role of IL17A in the susceptibility to develop panuveitis, based on their observations.

Sui et al (see page 571)

In a study of 15 patients from 10 unrelated families, the CNGA3 was observed to be the most frequent mutation associated with achromatopsia.