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Clinical science
Bacterial infections as novel risk factors of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes

Authors

  • Johan Rasmus Simonsen Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Abdominal Center, Helsinki, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Asko Järvinen Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Kustaa Hietala Department of Ophthalmology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Valma Harjutsalo Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Carol Forsblom Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Abdominal Center, Helsinki, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Per-Henrik Groop Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland Department of Diabetes, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Markku Lehto Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Abdominal Center, Helsinki, Finland PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  1. Correspondence to Per-Henrik Groop, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland; per-henrik.groop{at}helsinki.fi
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Citation

Simonsen JR, Järvinen A, Hietala K, et al
Bacterial infections as novel risk factors of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes
British Journal of Ophthalmology 2021;105:1104-1110.

Publication history

  • Received February 28, 2020
  • Revised July 8, 2020
  • Accepted July 27, 2020
  • First published September 14, 2020.
Online issue publication 
January 09, 2022

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.