RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A prospective and nationwide study investigating endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and risk factors JF British Journal of Ophthalmology JO Br J Ophthalmol FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. SP 529 OP 533 DO 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304485 VO 98 IS 4 A1 Jonathan C Park A1 Balasubramanian Ramasamy A1 Stephen Shaw A1 Som Prasad A1 Roland H L Ling YR 2014 UL http://bjo.bmj.com/content/98/4/529.abstract AB Background/aims This is the first nationwide prospective study to investigate the incidence and risk factors of endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods This was a prospective, nationwide case–control study. Cases of presumed infectious endophthalmitis within 6 weeks of PPV were reported via the established British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit. The surveillance period was 2 years. Controls (patients who had PPV but no endophthalmitis) were recruited from nine randomly selected UK centres. Results 37 reports were received and 28 cases met the diagnostic criteria for presumed infectious endophthalmitis following PPV. The incidence of endophthalmitis following PPV was 28 cases per 48 433 PPVs (1 in 1730 with a 95% CI of 1 in 1263 to 1 in 2747). 272 controls were randomly recruited from nine UK centres. Smaller gauge port sizes were not found to be a risk. Immunosuppression (OR 19.0, p=0.001) and preoperative topical steroids (OR 131.4, p<0.001) increased the endophthalmitis risk. Operating for retinal detachment was associated with a reduced risk of endophthalmitis (OR 0.10, p=0.005). Conclusions Endophthalmitis following PPV is rare. Operating with smaller gauge port sizes does not increase the risk of endophthalmitis.