TY - JOUR T1 - Ocular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus JF - British Journal of Ophthalmology JO - Br J Ophthalmol SP - 135 LP - 141 DO - 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306629 VL - 100 IS - 1 AU - Sukhum Silpa-archa AU - Joan J Lee AU - C Stephen Foster Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://bjo.bmj.com/content/100/1/135.abstract N2 - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can involve many parts of the eye, including the eyelid, ocular adnexa, sclera, cornea, uvea, retina and optic nerve. Ocular manifestations of SLE are common and may lead to permanent blindness from the underlying disease or therapeutic side effects. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the most common manifestation. However, vision loss may result from involvement of the retina, choroid and optic nerve. Ocular symptoms are correlated to systemic disease activity and can present as an initial manifestation of SLE. The established treatment includes prompt systemic corticosteroids, steroid-sparing immunosuppressive drugs and biological agents. Local ocular therapies are options with promising efficacy. The early recognition of disease and treatment provides reduction of visual morbidity and mortality. ER -