RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Five-year progression of unilateral age-related macular degeneration to bilateral involvement: the Three Continent AMD Consortium report
JF British Journal of Ophthalmology
JO Br J Ophthalmol
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
SP 1185
OP 1192
DO 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309729
VO 101
IS 9
A1 Nichole Joachim
A1 Johanna Maria Colijn
A1 Annette Kifley
A1 Kristine E Lee
A1 Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk
A1 Barbara E K Klein
A1 Chelsea E Myers
A1 Stacy M Meuer
A1 Ava G Tan
A1 Elizabeth G Holliday
A1 John Attia
A1 Gerald Liew
A1 Sudha K Iyengar
A1 Paulus T V M de Jong
A1 Albert Hofman
A1 Johannes R Vingerling
A1 Paul Mitchell
A1 Caroline C W Klaver
A1 Ronald Klein
A1 Jie Jin Wang
YR 2017
UL http://bjo.bmj.com/content/101/9/1185.abstract
AB Purpose To assess the 5-year progression from unilateral to bilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and associated risk factors.Design Pooled data analyses of three prospective population-based cohorts, the Blue Mountains Eye Study, Beaver Dam Eye Study and Rotterdam Study.Methods Retinal photography and interview with comprehensive questionnaires were conducted at each visit of three studies. AMD was assessed following the modified Wisconsin AMD grading protocol. Progression to bilateral any (early and late) or late AMD was assessed among participants with unilateral involvement only. Factors associated with the progression were assessed using logistic regression models while simultaneously adjusting for other significant risk factors.Results In any 5-year duration, 19–28% of unilateral any AMD cases became bilateral and 27–68% of unilateral late AMD became bilateral. Factors associated with the progression to bilateral involvement of any AMD were age (per year increase, adjusted OR 1.07), carrying risk alleles of the complement factor H and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 genes (compared with none, OR 1.76 for 1 risk allele and OR 3.34 for 2+ risk alleles), smoking (compared with non-smokers, OR 1.64 for past and OR 1.67 for current smokers), and the presence of large drusen area or retinal pigmentary abnormalities in the first eye.Conclusion One in four to one in five unilateral any AMD cases, and up to one in two unilateral late AMD cases, progressed to bilateral in 5 years. Known AMD risk factors, including smoking, are significantly associated with the progression to bilateral involvement.