TY - JOUR T1 - The estimated healthcare cost of diabetic retinopathy in Indonesia and its projection for 2025 JF - British Journal of Ophthalmology JO - Br J Ophthalmol SP - 487 LP - 492 DO - 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313997 VL - 104 IS - 4 AU - Muhammad Bayu Sasongko AU - Firman Setya Wardhana AU - Gandhi Anandika Febryanto AU - Angela Nurini Agni AU - Supanji Supanji AU - Sarah Rizqia Indrayanti AU - Tri Wahyu Widayanti AU - Felicia Widyaputri AU - Idhayu Anggit Widhasari AU - Yeni Dwi Lestari AU - Gitalisa Andayani Adriono AU - Iwan Sovani AU - Arief Sjamsulaksan Kartasasmita Y1 - 2020/04/01 UR - http://bjo.bmj.com/content/104/4/487.abstract N2 - Purpose To estimate the total healthcare cost associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes in Indonesia and its projection for 2025.Methods A prevalence-based cost-of-illness model was constructed from previous population-based DR study. Projection for 2025 was derived from estimated diabetes population in 2025. Direct treatment costs of DR were estimated from the perspective of healthcare. Patient perspective costs were obtained from thorough interview including only transportation cost and lost of working days related to treatment. We developed four cost-of-illness models according to DR severity level, DR without necessary treatment, needing laser treatment, laser +intravitreal (IVT) injection and laser + IVT +vitrectomy. All costs were estimated in 2017 US$.Results The healthcare costs of DR in Indonesia were estimated to be $2.4 billion in 2017 and $8.9 billion in 2025. The total cost in 2017 consisted of the cost for no DR and mild–moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) requiring eye screening ($25.9 million), severe NPDR or proliferative DR (PDR) requiring laser treatment ($0.25 billion), severe NPDR or PDR requiring both laser and IVT injection ($1.75 billion) and advance level of PDR requiring vitrectomy ($0.44 billion).Conclusions The estimated healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia in 2017 was considerably high, nearly 2% of the 2017 national state budget, and projected to increase significantly to more than threefold in 2025. The highest cost may incur for DR requiring both laser and IVT injection. Therefore, public health intervention to delay or prevent severe DR may substantially reduce the healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia. ER -