Table 6

Agreement between subjective refraction and autorefraction measurements in adults¹⁵ and agreement between retinoscopy and Retinomax representative measurements in children

Method	Study	Sample (n)	Mean difference (D)	Standard deviation (D)	95% Limits of agreement (D)
(Humphrey 500) − (subjective refraction)	Kinge et al 15	Adults (224)	−0.23	0.47	−1.18 to +0.71
(Nidek AR-1000) − (subjective refraction)	Kinge et al 15	Adults (80)	−0.13	0.27	−0.68 to 0.41
(Retinomax) − (retinoscopy)	Present study	Children (23)	+0.26	0.66	−1.06 to 1.58
(Retinomax) − (subjective refinement)	Present study	Children (22)	+0.07	0.84	−1.61 to 1.75

↵Mean of the differences between two measurements of spherical equivalent (right eye only).
↵Mean ± 2 standard deviations.
↵Standard 1.5 D correction applied to retinoscopy measurements (phoropter at neutralisation) before calculations.