Possible mechanisms for peripheral visual field defects after macular hole surgery
| Indirect, mechanical trauma to the peripapillary region1 2 4-8 14 |
| Direct, mechanical trauma to the optic disc1 8 |
| Phototoxic effects from exposure to the intraocular fibreoptic illuminators2 12 |
| Dehydration injury during air-fluid exchange10 13 |
| Mechanical or toxic effects of the gas bubble2 3 7 12 |
| Retinal or ciliary artery occlusion2 12 14 |
| Glaucomatous damage from elevated postoperative pressure2 8 11 |