Four year incidence of any retinopathy, progression of retinopathy, progression to proliferative retinopathy, and incidence of macular oedema, by quartiles of pulse rate (beats per minute)
| Pulse rate at baseline | Range (bpm) | Incidence of any retinopathy | Progression of retinopathy | Progression to proliferative retinopathy | Incidence of macular oedema | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No at risk | % | RR (95% CI) | No at risk | % | RR (95% CI) | No at risk | % | RR (95% CI) | No at risk | % | RR (95% CI) | ||||||
| Younger onset: | |||||||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 50–75 | 91 | 52.8 | 1.00 | 205 | 36.6 | 1.00 | 205 | 7.3 | 1.00 | 192 | 5.7 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2nd quartile | 76–83 | 52 | 57.7 | 1.09 (0.81, 1.48) | 168 | 47.0 | 1.29 (1.01, 1.64) | 168 | 9.5 | 1.3 (0.66, 2.55) | 167 | 6.6 | 1.15 (0.51, 2.58) | ||||
| 3rd quartile | 84–93 | 56 | 66.1 | 1.25 (0.96, 1.64) | 165 | 48.5 | 1.33 (1.04, 1.68) | 165 | 12.1 | 1.67 (0.88, 3.15) | 168 | 11.9 | 2.08 (1.03, 4.21) | ||||
| 4th quartile | 94–132 | 59 | 62.7 | 1.19 (0.9, 1.57) | 165 | 46.7 | 1.28 (1.00, 1.63) | 165 | 12.7 | 1.74(0.93, 3.27) | 152 | 12.5 | 2.18 (1.07, 4.44) | ||||
| p=0.13 | p=0.041 | p=0.059 | p=0.009 | ||||||||||||||
| Older onset: | |||||||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 46–69 | 102 | 39.2 | 1.00 | 177 | 24.9 | 1.00 | 177 | 2.3 | 1.00 | 152 | 1.3 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2nd quartile | 70–77 | 111 | 34.2 | 0.87 (0.61, 1.24) | 209 | 29.2 | 1.17 (0.84, 1.64) | 209 | 3.8 | 1.69 (0.52, 5.53) | 181 | 5.5 | 4.2 (0.93, 18.9) | ||||
| 3rd quartile | 78–87 | 102 | 37.3 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 214 | 33.2 | 1.33 (0.97, 1.84) | 214 | 5.1 | 2.27 (0.74, 7.02) | 181 | 6.1 | 4.62 (1.04, 20.05) | ||||
| 4th quartile | 88–132 | 90 | 50.0 | 1.28 (0.93, 1.75) | 221 | 38.5 | 1.55 (1.14, 2.10) | 221 | 7.2 | 3.20 (1.09, 9.41) | 185 | 7.6 | 5.57 (1.33, 24.9) | ||||
| p=0.13 | p=0.002 | p=0.016 | p=0.015 | ||||||||||||||
↵Based on Mantel-Haenszel test of trend.
bpm = beats per minute.