Independent risk factors for myopia—multivariate analysis
| Categories | Prevalence | OR* | 95% CI | Adjusted OR† | 95% CI | p Vaue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Crude odds ratio. | ||||||
| †Odds ratio simultaneously adjusted for all other significant independent risk factors: sex, age group, ethnic group, father’s education, and siblings wearing spectacles. | ||||||
| Ethnic group | ||||||
| Africans | 4.7 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non-Africans | 13.4 | 3.12 | 2.07 to 4.70 | 2.44 | 1.52 to 3.91 | <0.001 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 17 or over | 4.7 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 14–16 | 5.2 | 1.11 | 0.76 to 1.62 | 0.91 | 0.61 to 1.34 | 0.627 |
| 11–13 | 14.1 | 3.33 | 2.01 to 5.50 | 1.78 | 1.00 to 3.15 | 0.049 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 4.5 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | 7.2 | 1.63 | 1.16 to 2.30 | 1.50 | 1.06 to 2.14 | 0.024 |
| Father’s education | ||||||
| Up to and including secondary school only | 4.7 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Post-secondary (after form 4 or after form 6) | 7.4 | 1.61 | 1.12 to 2.31 | 1.63 | 1.20 to 2.40 | 0.010 |
| Unknown or father dead | 4.2 | 0.89 | 0.50 to 1.59 | 0.94 | 0.52 to 1.68 | 0.823 |
| Sibling wears spectacles | ||||||
| Sibling(s) without spectacles | 4.8 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sibling(s) with spectacles | 8.1 | 1.76 | 1.22 to 2.54 | 1.48 | 1.02 to 2.16 | 0.041 |
| Only child | 16.0 | 3.82 | 1.28 to 11.36 | 1.93 | 0.60 to 6.15 | 0.267 |