Death or MI | MI only | Death or MI in men with stage 1 hypertension* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinal abnormalities | RR, adjusted for hypertension† | Multivariate adjusted RR‡ | RR, adjusted for hypertension† | Multivariate adjusted RR‡ | RR, adjusted for hypertension† | Multivariate adjusted RR‡ |
*Defined by systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels of 140–159 and 90–99 mm Hg, respectively. | ||||||
†Adjusted for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine levels, and left ventricular hypertrophy score at baseline. | ||||||
‡Adjusted for above factors plus total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol treatment status, current or ex-smoking status, and fasting glucose levels at baseline. Figures in parentheses denote 95% confidence intervals. | ||||||
Any retinopathy | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.3) | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.2) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.2) | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.2) | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.5) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.5) |
Any retinopathy except for widened light reflex | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.6) | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.3) | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.3) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.1) | 2.2 (1.0 to 5.0) | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.5) |
Arteriolar narrowing | ||||||
Generalised or focal | 3.3 (1.5 to 6.9) | 2.9 (1.3 to 6.2) | 2.8 (1.2 to 6.4) | 2.4 (1.0 to 5.8) | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.1) | 2.6 (1.1 to 6.3) |
Generalised only | 2.8 (1.2 to 6.5) | 2.5 (1.1 to 5.9) | 2.2 (0.8 to 5.8) | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.2) | 2.5 (0.9 to 6.5) | 2.3 (0.8 to 6.1) |
Arteriovenous nicking | 1.9 (0.6 to 6.2) | 2.1 (0.6 to 6.9) | 1.5 (0.4 to 6.3) | 1.6 (0.4 to 6.9) | 3.3 (1.0 to 10.9) | 3.2 (1.0 to 10.7) |
Widened light reflex | 1.6 (0.5 to 5.3) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.1) | 1.8 (0.6 to 6.0) | 2.2 (0.6 to 7.6) | 1.6 (0.5 to 5.2) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.1) |