Association between exposure to inhaled corticosteroids and cataract: adjusted models and dose-response relation
| Univariate analysis | Adjusting for systemic steroids | Adjusting for systemic steroids and consultation rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 15479) | Controls (n = 15479) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| *p Value for trend. | ||||||
| Inhaled corticosteroids: | ||||||
| Never | 13713 (88.6%) | 14299 (92.4%) | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | |
| Ever | 1766 (11.4%) | 1180 (7.6%) | 1.58 (1.46 to 1.71) | 1.32 (1.21 to 1.44) | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20) | 0.049 |
| Current | 1319 (8.5) | 829 (5.4) | 1.67 (1.53 to 1.83) | 1.39 (1.26 to 1.53) | 1.15 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.01 |
| Past only | 447 (2.9) | 351 (2.3) | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.56) | 1.16 (1.00 to 1.35) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14) | 0.8 |
| Daily dose: | ||||||
| None | 13713 (88.6%) | 14299 (92.4%) | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | |
| Low (up to 400 μg) | 637 (4.1%) | 496 (3.2%) | 1.36 (1.20 to 1.53) | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.34) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13) | 0.002* |
| Moderate (401–800 μg) | 430 (2.8%) | 264 (1.7%) | 1.73 (1.48 to 2.02) | 1.45 (1.24 to 1.71) | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.39) | |
| High (801–1600 μg) | 382 (2.5%) | 221 (1.4%) | 1.82 (1.54 to 2.15) | 1.46 (1.23 to 1.74) | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.42) | |
| Very high (>1600 μg) | 117 (0.8%) | 43 (0.3%) | 2.87 (2.02 to 4.08) | 2.21 (1.55 to 3.16) | 1.69 (1.17 to 2.43) | |
| Missing data | 200 (1.3%) | 156 (1.0%) | ||||
| Number of prescriptions: | ||||||
| No | 13713 (88.6% | 14299 (92.4%) | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | |
| 1–9 | 793 (5.1%) | 589 (3.8%) | 1.41 (1.27 to 1.58) | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.37) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.16) | 0.004* |
| 10–19 | 373 (2.4%) | 246 (1.6%) | 1.60 (1.36 to 1.89) | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.57) | 1.07 (0.90 to 1.27) | |
| 20–29 | 210 (1.4%) | 122 (0.8%) | 1.84 (1.46 to 2.30) | 1.50 (1.19 to 1.90) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.55) | |
| 30–39 | 148 (1.0%) | 88 (0.6%) | 1.76 (1.35 to 2.30) | 1.44 (1.10 to 1.89) | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.62) | |
| ⩾40 | 242 (1.6%) | 135 (0.9%) | 1.92 (1.55 to 2.39) | 1.55 (1.24 to 1.93) | 1.28 (1.01 to 1.61) | |