Table 1

Performance based visual functions in the better eye by drug use. The Beaver Dam Eye Study, 1993–5

	Taking	No	Good	Fair	Poor	p Value*
*Mantel-Haenzsel adjusted for age.
Best corrected visual acuity
High blood pressure medication	No	2047	82.27	14.85	2.88
	Yes	1558	68.49	23.75	7.77	<0.001
Barbiturates	No	3564	76.32	18.71	4.97
	Yes	57	70.18	14.04	15.79	0.099
Antidepressant	No	3421	77.58	17.74	4.68
	Yes	200	53.00	34.00	13.00	<0.001
Antipsychotic	No	3556	76.66	18.45	4.89
	Yes	65	52.31	29.23	18.46	<0.001
Antianxiety	No	3292	77.34	17.95	4.71
	Yes	329	65.05	25.53	9.42	0.011
Benzodiazepines	No	3287	77.43	17.95	4.62
	Yes	334	64.37	25.45	10.18	0.004
Glaucoma drops	No	3511	77.02	18.17	4.81
	Yes	108	51.85	32.41	15.74	0.039
Narcotic analgesic	No	3495	76.77	18.51	4.72
	Yes	127	60.63	22.05	17.32	<0.001
Aspirin	No	2188	75.46	19.01	5.53
	Yes	1430	77.34	18.11	4.55	<0.001
Cardiac medication	No	3435	77.55	17.79	4.66
	Yes	186	51.61	34.41	13.98	0.134
Oral hypoglycaemics	No	3467	76.55	18.40	5.05
	Yes	155	68.39	23.87	7.74	0.966
Insulin	No	3512	76.99	18.31	4.70
	Yes	110	50.91	29.09	20.00	<0.001
Multivitamins	Never	995	78.39	16.98	4.62
	Past	896	77.46	17.63	4.91	0.205
	Current	1716	74.65	19.99	5.36
Near visual acuity
High blood pressure medication	No	2030	82.61	11.03	6.35
	Yes	1542	69.33	16.99	13.68	<0.001
Barbiturates	No	3530	76.91	13.63	9.46
	Yes	57	70.18	10.53	19.30	0.185
Antidepressant	No	3395	77.70	13.17	9.13
	Yes	192	60.94	20.83	18.23	<0.001
Antipsychotic	No	3529	77.16	13.32	9.52
	Yes	58	55.17	29.31	15.52	0.022
Antianxiety	No	3262	78.20	12.88	8.92
	Yes	325	62.77	20.62	16.62	<0.001
Benzodiazepines	No	3262	78.14	12.91	8.95
	Yes	325	63.38	20.31	16.31	<0.001
Glaucoma drops	No	3482	77.46	13.33	9.22
	Yes	103	55.34	22.33	22.33	0.092
Narcotic analgesic	No	3462	77.33	13.43	9.24
	Yes	125	62.40	17.60	20.00	0.005
Aspirin	No	2162	76.97	13.23	9.81
	Yes	1422	76.51	14.14	9.35	0.055
Cardiac medication	No	3405	78.30	12.75	8.96
	Yes	182	48.90	29.12	21.98	0.011
Oral hypoglycaemics	No	3434	77.34	13.34	9.32
	Yes	153	64.71	18.95	16.34	0.132
Insulin	No	3479	77.52	13.31	9.17
	Yes	108	53.70	22.22	24.07	<0.001
Multivitamins	Never	991	76.79	14.13	9.08
	Past	887	78.58	14.09	7.33	0.709
	Current	1694	76.21	13.05	10.74
Contrast sensitivity
High blood pressure medication	No	2008	82.12	10.71	7.17
	Yes	1485	65.99	19.12	14.88	<0.001
Barbiturates	No	3449	75.36	14.32	10.32
	Yes	55	69.09	10.91	20.00	0.292
Antidepressant	No	3327	75.74	14.19	10.07
	Yes	177	66.10	15.82	18.08	0.064
Antipsychotic	No	3452	75.32	14.31	10.37
	Yes	52	71.15	11.54	17.31	0.825
Antianxiety	No	3195	76.37	13.65	9.98
	Yes	309	63.75	20.71	15.53	0.041
Benzodiazepines	No	3201	76.26	13.62	10.12
	Yes	303	64.69	21.12	14.19	0.120
Glaucoma drops	No	3404	76.38	13.87	9.75
	Yes	98	37.76	27.55	34.69	<0.001
Narcotic analgesic	No	3393	75.71	14.15	10.14
	Yes	111	61.26	18.02	20.72	0.008
Aspirin	No	2104	76.09	13.55	10.36
	Yes	1397	73.94	15.39	10.67	0.084
Cardiac medication	No	3338	77.05	13.72	9.23
	Yes	166	39.16	25.30	35.54	<0.001
Oral hypoglycaemics	No	3356	75.95	14.06	9.98
	Yes	148	59.46	18.92	21.62	0.009
Insulin	No	3408	76.09	14.20	9.71
	Yes	96	45.83	16.67	37.50	<0.001
Multivitamins	Never	974	77.21	12.83	9.96
	Past	862	77.49	13.11	9.40	0.165
	Current	1659	73.06	15.67	11.27