Associations with any cataract, specific cataract types and cataract surgery* | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location, year | Population | Study type | Any/mxed cataract | Nuclear cataract | Cortical cataract | PSC cataract | Cataract surgery |
*Associations with age, sex, race, ocular diseases (eg, myopia), nutritional supplements (eg, vitamin use) or drug use (eg, aspirin) not included. | |||||||
†SES = socioeconomic status, includes a variety of measures, such as education, type of residence (eg, rural) and income. | |||||||
‡Outdoor lifestyle: intended to be an indirect measure of ultraviolet light. The New Delhi study (36) included outdoor occupation, time spent living at altitude, and estimated exposure to direct sunlight. | |||||||
BMI = body mass index, PSC = posterior subcapsular. | |||||||
Punjab, India, 198235 | 1269 | Population based survey | Lower weight | – | – | – | – |
Age: 30–80+ | Lower weight | ||||||
Lower SES† | |||||||
New Delhi, India, 198936 | 1990 | Case-control study | Lower BMI | Lower BMI | – | ||
Age 37–62 | Lower SES† | Higher systolic BP | Lower SES† | Lower SES† | |||
Higher systolic BP | Outdoor lifestyle‡ | Outdoor lifestyle‡ | Outdoor lifestyle‡ | ||||
Outdoor lifestyle‡ | |||||||
Taipei, Taiwan39 | 2038 | Population based survey | Diabetes | Smoking | Higher systolic BP | Diabetes | – |
Age: 50–93 | Higher diastolic BP | Higher diastolic BP | |||||
Singapore | 1206 Chinese | Population based survey | Diabetes | Diabetes, | Diabetes, | Diabetes | |
Age: 40–81 | Lower BMI | Lower SES† | Lower BMI, | Lower SES† | |||
Lower SES† | Smoking | Lower SES† |