Univariate analysis of risk factors for acute endophthalmitis after cataract extraction
| Risk factor | Definition | Controls No (%) | All endophthalmitis | Culture positive endophthalmitis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | OR (95% CI)* | p Value | No (%) | OR (95% CI)* | p Value | |||
| *Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of endophthalmitis cases versus controls in association with a specific risk factor. | ||||||||
| †No IOL implant for one case. | ||||||||
| ‡Phacoemulsification cases only. | ||||||||
| Age | <65 years | 34 (33.3) | 14 (41.2) | 1.0 | 0.41 | 8 (38.1) | 1.0 | 0.68 |
| 65 years or older | 68 (66.7) | 20 (58.8) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 13 (61.9) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.1) | |||
| Sex | Men | 59 (57.8) | 14 (41.2) | 1.0 | 0.09 | 7 (33.3) | 1.0 | 0.04 |
| Women | 43 (42.2) | 20 (58.8) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.3) | 14 (66.7) | 2.7 (1.0 to 7.4) | |||
| Race | Chinese | 86 (84.3) | 25 (73.5) | 1.0 | 0.16 | 17 (81.0) | 1.0 | 0.70 |
| Non-Chinese | 16 (15.7) | 9 (26.5) | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.9) | 4 (19.0) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.3) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | Absent | 77 (75.5) | 23 (67.6) | 1.0 | 0.37 | 14 (66.7) | 1.0 | 0.40 |
| Present | 25 (24.5) | 11 (32.4) | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.4) | 7 (33.0) | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.2) | |||
| Lid margin disease | Absent | 96 (94.1) | 33 (97.1) | 1.0 | 0.51 | 10 (47.6) | 1.0 | 0.84 |
| (eg, blepharitis) | Present | 6 (5.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0.5 (0.1 to 4.2) | 11 (52.4) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8) | ||
| Preoperative antibiotics | Yes | 83 (81.4) | 32 (94.1) | 1.0 | 0.09 | 19 (90.5) | 1.0 | 0.32 |
| No | 19 (18.6) | 7 (5.9) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.2) | 2 (9.5) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.1) | |||
| Eye | Right | 51 (50.0) | 17 (50.0) | 1.0 | 0.99 | 10 (47.6) | 1.0 | 0.84 |
| Left | 51 (50.0) | 17 (50.0) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.2) | 11 (52.4) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8) | |||
| Procedure | ECCE | 47 (46.1) | 10 (29.4) | 1.0 | 0.09 | 4 (19.0) | 1.0 | 0.03 |
| Phacoemulsification | 55 (53.9) | 24 (70.6) | 2.1 (0.8 to 4.7) | 17 (81.0) | 3.6 (1.1 to 11.5) | |||
| Duration of operation | <30 minutes | 71 (69.6) | 24 (70.6) | 1.0 | 0.91 | 15 (71.4) | 1.0 | 0.87 |
| 30 minutes or longer | 31 (30.4) | 10 (29.4) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.6) | |||
| Anaesthesia | Local/regional | 93 (91.2) | 34 (100.0) | – | – | 21 (100.0) | – | – |
| Topical | 6 (5.9) | – | – | |||||
| General | 3 (2.9) | – | – | |||||
| IOL type† | All PMMA | 51 (50.5) | 15 (45.5) | 1.0 | 8 (38.1) | 1.0 | ||
| Silicone | 4 (4.0) | 5 (15.1) | 4.3 (1.0 to 17.8) | 0.05 | 5 (23.8) | 8.0 (1.8 to 36.1) | 0.007 | |
| Acrylic | 46 (45.5) | 13 (39.4) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.93 | 8 (38.1) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.2) | 0.85 | |
| IOL location† | Posterior chamber | 97 (95.1) | 32 (97.0) | 1.0 | 0.65 | 20 (95.2) | 1.0 | 0.98 |
| Anterior chamber | 5 (4.9) | 1 (3.0) | 0.6 (0.1 to 5.4) | 1 (4.8) | 1.0 (0.1 to 8.8) | |||
| Posterior capsular rupture | Absent | 101 (99.0) | 29 (85.3) | 1.0 | 0.01 | 17 (81.0) | 1.0 | 0.006 |
| Present | 1 (1.0) | 5 (14.7) | 17.4 (2.0 to 155.0) | 4 (19.0) | 23.8 (2.5 to 225.6) | |||
| Anterior vitrectomy | Not performed | 101 (99.0) | 30 (88.2) | 1.0 | 0.02 | 18 (85.7) | 1.0 | 0.02 |
| Performed | 1 (1.0) | 4 (11.8) | 13.5 (1.5 to 125.1) | 3 (14.3) | 16.8 (1.7 to 171.0) | |||
| Use of suture‡ | No | 33 (60.0) | 15 (62.5) | 1.0 | 0.83 | 12 (70.6) | 1.0 | 0.43 |
| Yes | 22 (40.0) | 9 (37.5) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.4) | 5 (29.4) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.0) | |||