Characteristics associated with delay in presentation to hospital
| All cataract (n = 178) | Congenital cataract (n = 74) | Developmental cataract (n = 104) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ⩽12 months | >12 months | OR (95% CI) | ⩽12 months | >12 months | OR (95% CI) | ⩽12 months | >12 months | OR (95% CI) | ||
| n = 74 | n = 104 | p Value | n = 41 | n = 33 | p Value | n = 33 | n = 71 | p Value | ||
| Sex of child with cataract | ||||||||||
| Male | 42 (42.8) | 56 (57.1) | 1.13 (0.59 to 2.14) | 22 (59.5) | 15 (40.5) | 1.39 (0.50 to 3.87) | 20 (32.8) | 41 (67.2) | 1.13 (0.45 to 2.85) | |
| Female | 32 (40.0) | 48 (60.0) | 9 (51.4) | 18 (48.6) | 13 (30.2) | 30 (69.8) | ||||
| Age of child with cataract (months) at the time of presentation to hospital | ||||||||||
| Mean | 37.1 | 86.5 | p<0.001 | 13.9 | 58.8 | p<0.001 | 65.9 | 99.3 | p<0.001 | |
| SD | 41.4 | 50.2 | 20.7 | 45.1 | 42.8 | 47.3 | ||||
| Median | 12 months | 84 months | 8 months | 40 months | 60 months | 108 months | ||||
| Distance to hospital | ||||||||||
| Near | 45 (50.0) | 45 (50.0) | 1.97 (1.02 to 3.79) | 25 (73.5) | 9 (26.5) | 3.99 (1.33 to 12.27) | 20 (35.7) | 36 (64.3) | 1.45 (0.58 to 3.67) | |
| Far | 29 (33.7) | 57 (66.2) | 16 (41.0) | 23 (59.0) | p = 0.01 | 13 (27.7) | 34 (72.3) | |||
| Travelling costs | ||||||||||
| <US$5 | 43 (44.7) | 53 (55.2) | 1.33 (0.70 to 2.55) | 24 (64.9) | 13 (35.1) | 2.17 (0.77 to 6.18) | 19 (32.3) | 40 (67.8) | 1.05 (0.42 to 2.63) | |
| >US$5 | 31 (37.8) | 51 (62.2) | 17 (45.9) | 20 (54.1) | 14 (31.1) | 31 (68.9) | ||||
| Self treatment | ||||||||||
| Reported | 7 (38.3) | 11 (61.1) | 0.88 (0.29 to 2.63) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | 0.44 (0.08 to 2.38) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 1.49 (0.32 to 6.63) | |
| Not reported | 67 (41.8) | 93 (58.1) | 38 (57.6) | 28 (42.4) | 29 (30.9) | 65 (69.1) | ||||
| Religion | ||||||||||
| Christian | 46 (41.8) | 64 (58.1) | 1.01 (0.51 to 2.00) | 26 (57.8) | 19 (42.2) | 1.05 (0.34 to 3.27) | 20 (30.8) | 45 (69.2) | 0.93 (0.36 to 2.41) | |
| Muslim | 25 (41.6) | 35 (58.3) | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) | 12 (32.4) | 25 (67.6) | ||||
| Who first noticed the defect | ||||||||||
| Caregivers | 54 (38.8) | 85 (61.1) | 0.57 (0.26 to 1.25) | 30 (52.6) | 27 (47.4) | 0.61 (0.17 to 2.10) | 24 (29.3) | 58 (70.7) | 0.60 (0.20) | |
| Others | 20 (52.6) | 18 (47.4) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 9 (40.9) | 13 (59.1) | ||||
| Father’s socioeducational status | ||||||||||
| Farmer (illiterate) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (64.2) | χ2 (trend) = 1.78 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | χ2 (trend) = 0.68 | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | χ2 (trend) = 0.58 | |
| Farmer (educated) | 26 (35.7) | 42 (64.3) | p = 0.18 | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | p = 0.41 | 11 (28.9) | 27 (71.1) | P = 0.45 | |
| Business (educated) | 38 (58.7) | 40 (51.3) | 22 (64.7) | 12 (35.3) | 16 (36.4) | 28 (63.6) | ||||
| Age of father (at time of child’s birth) | ||||||||||
| <30 | 23 (35.3) | 42 (64.6) | 0.65 (0.31 to 1.32) | 13 (50.0) | 13 (50.0) | 0.71 (0.23 to 2.22) | 10 (25.6) | 29 (74.4) | 0.59 (0.21 to 1.64) | |
| 30+ | 39 (45.8) | 46 (54.1) | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | 18 (36.7) | 31 (63.3) | ||||
| Mother’s socioeducational status | ||||||||||
| Farmer (illiterate) | 9 (30.0) | 21 (70.0) | χ2 (trend) = 3.83 | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | χ2 (trend) = 1.54 | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | χ2 (trend) = 3.04 | |
| Farmer (educated) | 36 (34.5) | 57 (65.5) | p = 0.05 | 20 (52.6) | 18 (47.4) | p = 0.21 | 16 (29.6) | 39 (70.4) | P = 0.08 | |
| Business (educated) | 22 (52.4) | 20 (47.6) | 11 (68.8) | 5 (31.3) | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) | ||||
| Age of mother (at child’s birth) | ||||||||||
| <30 | 49 (39.5) | 75 (60.4) | 0.62 (0.28 to 1.36) | 30 (54.5) | 25 (45.5) | 0.48 (0.11 to 1.96) | 19 (27.5) | 50 (72.5) | 0.57 (0.20 to 1.65) | |
| 30+ | 20 (51.2) | 19 (48.7) | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.4) | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | ||||
| Laterality of cataract | ||||||||||
| Bilateral | 30 (50.8) | 29 (49.2) | 1.55 (0.58 to 4.17) | 19 (70.4) | 8 (29.6) | 1.78 (0.24 to 13.15) | 11 (34.4) | 21 (65.6) | 0.98 (0.28 to 3.51) | |
| Unilateral | 12 (40.0) | 18 (60.0) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | ||||
| Family history with cataract | ||||||||||
| Yes | 14 (37.8) | 23 (62.1) | 0.82 (0.37 to 1.83) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 0.64 (0.16 to 2.47) | 6 ((30.0) | 14 (70.0) | 0.73 (0.18 to 2.95) | |
| No | 60 (42.5) | 81 (57.4) | 18 (58.1) | 13 (41.9) | 10 (37.0) | 17 (63.0) | ||||
| Number of children in household | ||||||||||
| 2+ children | 35 (42.2) | 48 (57.8) | 1.05 (0.55 to 1.99) | 22 (66.7) | 11 (33.3) | 4.40 (1.38 to 14.39) | 13 (26.0) | 37 (74.0) | 0.60 (0.24 to 1.50) | |
| Only child | 39 (41.0) | 56 (58.9) | 10 (31.3) | 22 (68.7) | p<0.01 | 20 (37.0) | 34 (63.0) | |||
| Marital status of parents | ||||||||||
| Married | 62 (42.1) | 85 (57.8) | 1.38 (0.54 to 3.61) | 37 (56.9) | 28 (43.1) | 3.30 (0.51 to 26.8) | 25 (30.5) | 57 (69.5) | 0.75 (0,24 to 2.42) | |
| Single/no parent alive | 9 (34.6) | 17 (65.4) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | ||||