| Characteristic | Control(n = 67) | EarlyARM(n = 75) | LateARM(n = 73) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <60 | 25 (37.3) | 7 (9.3) | 5 (6.8) |
| 60–64 | 11 (16.4) | 10 (13.3) | 5 (6.8) |
| 65–69 | 12 (17.9) | 18 (24.0) | 14 (19.2) |
| 70–74 | 17 (25.3) | 26 (34.7) | 14 (19.2) |
| ⩾75 | 2 (3.0) | 14 (18.7) | 35 (47.9) |
| Smoking (pack-years) | |||
| 0 | 32 (47.8) | 37 (49.3) | 11 (15.1) |
| 1–24 | 16 (23.9) | 14 (18.7) | 25 (34.2) |
| ⩾25 | 19 (28.4) | 24 (32.0) | 37 (50.7) |
| Hypertension | |||
| Absent | 35 (52.2) | 34 (45.3) | 25 (34.2) |
| Present | 32 (47.8) | 41 (54.7) | 48 (65.8) |
| Facial wrinkling | |||
| <0.104 | 32 (47.8) | 18 (24.0) | 20 (27.4) |
| 0.104–0.1314 | 20 (29.9) | 29 (38.7) | 22 (30.1) |
| ⩾0.1314 | 15 (22.4) | 28 (37.3) | 31 (42.5) |
| Facial hyperpigmentation | |||
| <0.0264 | 19 (28.4) | 20 (26.6) | 31 (42.5) |
| 0.0264–0.0342 | 24 (35.8) | 27 (36.0) | 20 (27.4) |
| ⩾0.0342 | 24 (35.8) | 28 (37.3) | 22 (30.1) |
| Upper inner arm skin tone L* | |||
| <59.7 | 15 (22.4) | 26 (34.7) | 28 (38.4) |
| 59.7–62.1 | 21 (31.3) | 30 (40.0) | 24 (32.9) |
| ⩾62.1 | 31 (46.3) | 19 (25.3) | 21 (28.8) |
| Upper inner arm skin tone a* | |||
| <7.2 | 33 (49.3) | 21 (28.0) | 18 (24.7) |
| 7.2–8.5 | 21 (31.3) | 25 (33.3) | 25 (34.2) |
| ⩾8.5 | 13 (19.4) | 29 (38.7) | 30 (41.1) |
| Upper inner arm skin tone b* | |||
| <14.7 | 29 (43.3) | 18 (24.0) | 26 (35.6)? |
| 14.7–16.7 | 19 (28.4) | 24 (32.0) | 24 (32.9) |
| ⩾16.7 | 19 (28.4) | 33 (44.0) | 23 (31.5) |
Values are number (%).
ARM, age-related maculopathy.