| Risk factor | Early ARM vscontrols | Late ARM vscontrols |
| Age (years) | ||
| <60 | 1 | 1 |
| 60–64 | 3.7 (1.00 to 13.51) | 2.8 (0.45 to 17.80) |
| 65–69 | 5.3 (1.44 to 19.33) | 9.7 (1.94 to 48.89) |
| 70–74 | 5.7 (1.68 to 19.19) | 7.3 (1.52 to 34.84) |
| ⩾75 | 25.1 (3.70 to 170.49) | 114.5 (15.07 to 869.73) |
| p Value for trend | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (pack-years) | ||
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0–25 | 1.2 (0.40 to 3.55) | 5.2 (1.39 to 19.36) |
| ⩾25 | 0.9 (0.35 to 2.30) | 5.4 (1.61 to 17.90) |
| p Value for trend | 0.856 | 0.007 |
| Hypertension | ||
| Absent | 1 | 1 |
| Present | 1.1 (0.51 to 2.48) | 1.1 (0.41 to 3.18) |
| p Value | 0.783 | 0.788 |
Values are OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension, facial wrinkling, facial hyperpigmentation and skin of upper inner arm (L*, a* or b*).