Article | Year | No. of eyes | Enucleation/evisceration | Globe rupture | IOFB | Penetration/perforation | Corneal/adnexal burn | Contusion | Corneal abrasion |
Copper and Ten9 | 1981 | 314 | 4.8% | – | – | 3.0% | – | 30.0% | 61.0% |
Dhir et al12 | 1991 | 20 | 5.0% | – | 25.0% | 10.0% | 25.0% | 55.0% | 50.0% |
De Faber et al11 | 2009 | 315 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Hatfield | 1970 | 377 | – | 16.7% | – | 16.7% | 30.0% | – | 33.4% |
Knox et al16 | 2008 | 47 | 17.0% | 9.0% | – | 26.0% | – | – | – |
Kuhn et al17 | 2000 | 185 | 4.0% | – | 2.7% | 18.0% | 54.0% | – | – |
Lee18 | 1966 | 262 | – | – | | 4.0% | 15.0% | 31.0% | 24.0% |
Levitz et al19 | 1999 | 20 | – | – | 5.0% | 5.0% | – | 15.0% | 35.0% |
Mansouri et al20 | 2007 | 437 | 1.1% | 12.4% | – | 32.5% | 13.8% | 51.6% | |
Sacu et al22 | 2002 | 213 | – | – | 13.0% | – | 17.0% | 28.0% | |
See and Lo23 | 1994 | 1530 | – | – | 17.0% | – | 24.5% | 44.0% | |
Singh et al24 | 2005 | 26 | – | 23.0% | 19.0% | 23.0% | – | 53.0% | – |
Sundelin and Norrsell26 | 2000 | 52 | – | 9.6% | 3.8% | 9.6% | 62.5% | 58.0% | 75.0% |
Thygesen27 | 2000 | 125 | 5.6% | – | 10.0% | – | 40.0% | 32.0% | |
Vassilia et al28 | 2004 | 28 | – | – | 35.0% | 14.0% | 14.0% | 35.0% | – |
Vernon29 | 1988 | 57 | – | – | 5.0% | – | 43.0% | 9.0% | 43.0% |
Wilson30 | 1982 | 154 | – | 14.0% | – | 8.0% | 26.0% | – | 27.0% |
N cases† | | | 43 | 100 | 318 | 159 | 911 | 348 | 768 |
Category‡ | | | 1128 | 656 | 2131 | 1171 | 3315 | 1341 | 1818 |
Percentage* | | | 3.9% | 15.2% | 14.9% | 13.5% | 27.5% | 25.9% | 42.2% |