Volume of tear secretion in patients with MetS or pre-MetS and those without MetS (non-MetS)
| MetS | pre-MetS | non-MetS | Total | p Value (MetS vs non-MetS) | p Value (MetS vs pre-MetS) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (men:women) | 47 (44:3) | 56 (55:1) | 264 (171:93) | 367 (270:97) | – | – |
| Age 40–49 years | 15 | 34 | 179 | 228 | – | – |
| Age 50–64 years | 32 | 22 | 85 | 139 | – | – |
| Tear volume by Schirmer test | 11.0±9.7 | 16.4±10.2 | 18.5±11.9 | 17.2±11.7 | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Age 40–49 years | 15.2±10.8 | 17.6±11.3 | 20.5±11.8 | 19.7±11.8 | 0.095 | 0.493 |
| Age 50–64 years | 9.0±8.6 | 14.6±8.2 | 14.4±11.1 | 13.2±10.3 | 0.015 | 0.021 |
| Prevalence of lacrimal gland hypofunction (Schirmer value ≤5 mm) | 16 (34.0%) | 10 (17.9%) | 45 (17.0%) | 71 (19.3%) | 0.009 | 0.071 |
Values of p<0.05 were considered significant and are highlighted in bold. Statistical analysis: t test. A Schirmer value <5 mm indicated lacrimal gland hypofunction according to the dry eye workshop definition.6
Additional analysis about smoking is available as a supplemental table.
MetS, metabolic syndrome.