In utero drug exposure, neonatal VEP finding and visual findings at 6 months for the 32 drug-exposed infants who failed the visual assessment
| Neonatal findings | 6 months visual assessment | New or different findings on subsequent ophthalmic review | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study no | Drug group | Opiate in addition to methadone? | BDZ? | Stimulants? | Cannabis? | Excess alcohol? | NAS requiring treatment? | Abnormal neonatal flash VEP? | DVM? | Abnormal pattern-onset VEP? | Visual acuity (LogMAR) | Strabismus? | Nystagmus? | Refractive error? | |
| 20 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.50 | Exotropia | DNA | ||||
| 48 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | Hyperopia | DNA | |||||
| 61 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.20 | Esotropia | No strabismus | ||||
| 69 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.10 | Intermittent exotropia | DNA | |||
| 10 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.92 | Exotropia | FMNS | ||||
| 14 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.30 | Esotropia | Manifest | Hyperopic astigmatism | FMNS (horizontal pendular) | ||||
| 18 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | Normal acuity | ||||
| 141 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | Normal acuity | ||||||
| 149 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.80 | Alternating esotropia | |||||
| 74 | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.70 | Intermittent exotropia | Astigmatism | No strabismus | |||||
| 41 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.80 | Esotropia | Hyperopic astigmatism | DNA | |||||
| 7 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | DNA | ||||||
| 4 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | 1.18 | Exotropia | FMNS | Hyperopia | |||||
| 8 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | Intermittent exotropia | ||||||
| 43 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.80 | Alternating esotropia | |||||||
| 77 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.60 | Intermittent exotropia | |||||||
| 81 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | 0.80 | Manifest | Esotropia; FMNS | ||||||
| 86 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | NR | ✓ | 1.00 | Alternating esotropia | FMNS | Myopic astigmatism | |||
| 105 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.20 | Manifest | ||||||||
| 30 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NR | 1.00 | Alternating exotropia | Hyperopia | DNA | |||||
| 155 | 4 | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | NR | ✓ | ✓ | 0.70 | Manifest | Normal acuity | ||||
| 112 | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 0.80 | Esotropia | No strabismus; normal acuity | |||||||
| 31 | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | 0.80 | Intermittent exotropia | Hyperopic astigmatism | |||||||
| 114 | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.20 | DNA | ||||||||
| 143 | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | ✓ | 0.70 | Esotropia | Hyperopia | ||||||
| 147 | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | ✓ | 0.80 | Manifest | Astigmatism | FMNS; exotropia | |||||
| 21 | 2 | ✓ | ✓ | NT | ✓ | 0.70 | Intermittent exotropia | ||||||||
| 49 | 2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | DNA | |||||||||
| 32 | 2 | ✓ | NT | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1.00 | DNA | ||||||
| 40 | 1 | ✓ | NT | ✓ | ✓ | 1.20 | Intermittent exotropia | FMNS | |||||||
| 56 | 1 | NT | ✓ | 1.00 | Intermittent exotropia | Anisometropic hyperopia | No strabismus | ||||||||
| 92 | 1 | ✓ | 0.40 | Intermittent exotropia | Antimetropia | DNA | |||||||||
BDZ, benzodiazepines; DVM, delayed visual maturation; FMNS, fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome; NAS, neonatal abstinence syndrome; NR, not recorded; NT, not tested; VEP, visual evoked potential.