Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the sample

CharacteristicValue
Number of eyes/patients23 eyes/20 patients
Sex, n (%)
 Male13 (65%)
 Female7 (35%)
Age (years)
 Range35–82
 Mean±SD62±10
Type of diabetes, n (%)
 Type 11 (5%)
 Type 219 (95%)
Duration of diabetes (years)
 Range1–27
 Mean±SD12±8
HbA1c (%)
 Range6.0–11.0
 Mean±SD7.2±1.4
Type of CSMO, n (%)
 Focal5 (22%)
 Diffuse18 (78%)
Type of diabetic retinopathy, n (%)
 Background15 (65%)
 Proliferative8 (35%)
CRT (µm)
 Mean±SD484±117
 Range401–798
BCVA
 Mean±SD in ETDRS letters (Snellen eq.)44±20 (20/160)
 Range in Snellen equivalentCF—20/30
Previous treatments, n (%)
 Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab)11 (48%)
 Focal Laser6 (26%)
 Intravitreal Steroids2 (8%)
 Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) + focal laser4 (17%)
 PRP8 (35%)
  • BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CF, count fingers; CRT, central retinal thickness; CSME, clinically significant macular oedema; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; VEGF, vascular endothelial grow factor.