Baseline characteristics of study eyes by diabetic retinopathy (DR) grade
| Total population (n=164) | Minimal NPDR (n=40) | Mild NPDR (n=41) | Moderate DR (n=58) | Severe DR (n=10) | Proliferative DR (n=15) | p Value for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | 60.1 (8.2) | 60.5 (8.8) | 61.5 (8.8) | 59.7 (6.7) | 58.3 (7.6) | 57.7 (10.7) | 0.089 |
| Mean duration of diabetes (years) | 15.5 (9.8) | 14.1 (10.2) | 16.7 (10.5) | 15.4 (9.9) | 13.8 (7.6) | 17.3 (8.0) | 0.293 |
| Mean HbA1c (%) | 8.1 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.18) | 7.8 (1.19) | 8.2 (1.76) | 9.5 (1.39) | 8.6 (1.86) | 0.015 |
| Sex, female (%) | 38 (23.1) | 8 (20) | 10 (24.4) | 13 (22.4) | 4 (40) | 3 (20) | 0.667 |
| Smoking (%) | 0.865 | ||||||
| Never | 104 (63.4) | ||||||
| Current | 25 (15.2) | 4 (10) | 7 (17.1) | 11 (19.0) | 1 (10) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Past | 35 (21.3) | 9 (22.5) | 10 (24.4) | 12 (20.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (26.7) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 114 (69.5) | 32 (82.1) | 26 (65) | 46 (79.3) | 8 (80) | 13 (100) | 0.186 |
NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.