Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants in both baseline and 4-year examinations
| Characteristic | Baseline mean (SD) (n=204) | 4-year follow-up mean (SD) (n=204) | Mean difference (SD) (n=204) | Mean percentage change (SD) (n=204) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.02 (6.42) | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 91 (44.6%) | ||||
| Female | 113 (55.4%) | ||||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Chinese | 179 (87.7%) | ||||
| Non-Chinese | 25 (12.3%) | ||||
| Clinical measurements | |||||
| AxL (mm) | 24.04 (1.25) | 23.88 (1.26) | 0.16 (0.32) | 0.66 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| ACD (mm) | 3.17 (0.3) | 2.99 (0.33) | 0.19 (0.26) | 5.6 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| IOP (mm Hg) | 14.8 (2.24) | 14.9 (2.98) | −0.07 (3.51) | −2.5 (25) | 0.775 |
| CDR | 0.41 (0.11) | 0.47 (0.14) | −0.05 (0.14) | −16.9 (39) | <0.001 |
| AS-OCT measurements | |||||
| ACA (mm2) | 20.75 (2.99) | 19.99 (2.93) | 0.76 (0.78) | 3.63 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| ACV (mm3) | 139.7 (25.79) | 132.62 (24.63) | 7.15 (7.56) | 4.99 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| LV (µm) | 398.97 (258.7) | 463.07 (265.36) | −0.64 (132.89) | −34.27 (137.5) | <0.001 |
| PD (mm) | 4.29 (0.79) | 4.24 (0.9) | 0.05 (0.67) | 0.37 (17.3) | 0.286 |
| Nasal quadrant | |||||
| AOD500 (mm) | 0.25 (0.12) | 0.22 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.08) | 4.4 (56.8) | <0.001 |
| AOD750 (mm) | 0.35 (0.16) | 0.32 (0.16) | 0.03 (0.08) | −0.72 (86.4) | <0.001 |
| TISA500 (mm2) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.003 (0.03) | −5.9 (60) | <0.001 |
| TISA750 (mm2) | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.009 (0.05) | −0.25 (45.4) | 0.013 |
| IT2000 (mm) | 0.50 (0.08) | 0.49 (0.08) | 0.008 (0.05) | 1.06 (11.9) | 0.043 |
| IAREA (mm2) | 1.57 (0.25) | 1.53 (0.26) | 0.04 (0.22) | 1.9 (15) | 0.006 |
| ICURV (mm) | 0.258 (0.11) | 0.257 (0.11) | 0.001 (0.12) | 0.14 (94.2) | 0.924 |
| Temporal quadrant | |||||
| AOD500 (mm) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.24 (0.12) | 0.003 (0.04) | 4.65 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| AOD750 (mm) | 0.38 (0.18) | 0.35 (0.16) | 0.03 (0.11) | 1.08 (41.9) | <0.001 |
| TISA500 (mm2) | 0.110 (0.05) | 0.107 (0.05) | 0.003 (0.04) | −8.89 (69.4) | 0.030 |
| TISA750 (mm2) | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.06) | −1.34 (39.6) | 0.020 |
| IT2000 (mm) | 0.45 (0.08) | 0.44 (0.09) | 0.01 (0.07) | 2.26 (15.3) | 0.003 |
| IAREA (mm2) | 1.61 (0.25) | 1.54 (0.30) | 0.07 (0.24) | 4.12 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| ICURV (mm) | 0.28 (0.18) | 0.31 (0.13) | 0.03 (0.17) | −9.05 (54.5) | 0.024 |
Significant difference noted as p<0.05.
ACA, anterior chamber area; ACD, anterior chamber depth; ACV, anterior chamber volume; AOD, angle opening distance; AS-OCT, anterior segment optical coherence tomography; AxL, axial length; CDR, cup:disc ratio; IAREA, iris area; ICURV, iris curvature; IOP, intraocular pressure; IT, iris thickness; LV, lens vault; PD, pupil diameter; TISA, trabecular iris space area.