Association among lupus-related ocular posterior segment disorders to activity of systemic diseases and prognoses
| Authors | Cases (n) | Pathological site | Visual outcome | Association to systemic lupus | Association to CNS lupus | Eye as an initial manifestation | Prognosis for survival (mortality rate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case series | |||||||
| Frigui et al68 | 13 | Optic nerve | Moderate to poor | Positive | No | Yes | NA |
| Lanham et al63 | 52 | Retina (mostly microangiopathy) | Good | Positive | No | No | NA |
| Jabs et al26 | 11 | Retina (mostly vaso-occlusive cases) | Poor | Positive | Positive (73%) | No | NA |
| Stafford-Brady et al27 | 550 | Retina (mostly microangiopathy) | Good | Positive (88%) | Positive (73%) | No | Poor (34% died in 16 years follow-up) |
| Nguyen et al25 | 28 | Choroid | Equivocal (improved vision after resolved choroidopathy) | Positive (100%) | Positive (36%) | Yes (1 case) | 14% |
| Baglio et al78 | 16 | Choroid | NA | Positive (100%) | NA | NA | NA |
| Case reports | |||||||
| Hwang and Kang56 | 1 | Retina (combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion) | NA | Positive | No | Yes | NA |
| Giocanti- Auregan et al79 | 1 | Choroid | Poor | Positive | Positive | Yes | NA |
| Wisotsky et al60 | 1 | Choroid | NA | Positive | NA | Yes | NA |
NA, not available.