ORs of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) for a decade increase in age, trends over time and study design factors
| All surveys | Surveys conducted since 2000 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Study | Unadjusted OR* | Adjusted OR† | Adjusted OR† |
| populations | (95% CrI) | (95% CrI) | (95% CrI) | |
| Effect per decade increase in age by racial group | ||||
| White | 29 | 1.99 (1.86, 2.13) | 1.99 (1.86, 2.12) | 1.97 (1.50, 2.64) |
| Black | 13 | 1.60 (1.52, 1.67) | 1.59 (1.52, 1.67) | 1.47 (1.38, 1.57) |
| East Asian | 15 | 1.48 (1.39, 1.57) | 1.48 (1.39, 1.57) | 1.45 (1.34, 1.57) |
| South Asian | 16 | 1.69 (1.58, 1.82) | 1.69 (1.58, 1.81) | 1.70 (1.57, 1.83) |
| South-East Asian | 5 | 1.56 (1.31, 1.87) | 1.56 (1.31, 1.88) | 1.46 (1.22, 1.75) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 2 | 2.31 (2.12, 2.52) | 2.31 (2.12, 2.52) | 2.24 (2.03, 2.48) |
| Other/mixed | 8 | 1.88 (1.44, 2.47) | 1.90 (1.45, 2.52) | 1.42 (0.85, 2.32) |
| Year of survey | ||||
| 1960–1979 | 7 | 0.45 (0.24, 0.89) | ||
| 1980–1989 | 15 | 0.75 (0.46, 1.22) | ||
| 1990–1999 | 28 | 0.81 (0.54, 1.22) | ||
| 2000+ | 38 | 1.00 | ||
| Study design factors: visual field (VF)/intraocular pressure (IOP) | ||||
| VF on all | 37 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| VF on all and IOP criterion | 5 | 0.55 (0.26, 1.18) | 0.64 (0.35, 1.14) | |
| IOP criterion and VF on subset | 35 | 0.58 (0.40, 0.86) | 0.78 (0.56, 0.99) | |
| Other | 11 | 0.90 (0.52, 1.53) | 1.23 (0.77, 1.76) | |
| Study design factors | ||||
| (In surveys conducted since 2000) | ||||
| Follows ISGEO and VF on all | 10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Follows ISGEO and VF on subset | 14 | 0.70 (0.37, 1.34) | 0.69 (0.44, 1.10) | |
| Does not follow ISGEO | 14 | 1.03 (0.53, 1.91) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.33) | |
| Sex‡ | ||||
| Female | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Male | 54 | 1.33 (1.24, 1.42) | 1.30 (1.22, 1.41) | |
Study design factors: VF/IOP.
VF on all—Identification of POAG included VF assessment on all participants and IOP was not used as a defining criterion of POAG.
VF on all and IOP criterion—Identification of POAG included VF assessment on all participants and IOP was used as a defining criterion of POAG.
IOP criterion and VF on subset—Identification of POAG did not include VF assessment on all participants and IOP was used as a defining criterion of POAG. In this group, 30/32 studies performed VF on a subset of participants only, the remaining 2 studies21 ,22 did not undertake VF testing.
Other—Identification of POAG did not include VF assessment on all participants nor did POAG case definition rely on IOP criteria. In this group nine studies performed VF on a subset of participants only; one study23 did not perform VF testing at all.
Study design factors: ISGEO.
Follow ISGEO and VF on all—Study design follows the ISGEO criteria and VF assessment was performed on all participants.
Follow ISGEO and VF on subset—Study design follows the ISGEO criteria and VF assessment was performed on a subset of participants (high-risk or proportion/consecutive).
Does not follow ISGEO—A more conventional method of determining glaucoma using a combination of optic disc features and VF defects.
*ORs are not mutually adjusted but take into account the clustering of prevalence estimates within study populations.
†ORs are mutually adjusted for all factors listed in this column, and allowing for the clustering of prevalence estimates within study populations.
‡Analysis performed on a subset of data that report prevalence by sex.
CrI, credible intervals; ISGEO, International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology.