Clinical and ophthalmological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical retinopathy and normal controls
| Type 2 diabetes | Control group | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.1±9.6 | 54.5±11.0 | 0.74 |
| Sex (male/female) | 14/14 | 16/15 | |
| Antidiabetes medication | |||
| Oral | 11 | – | |
| Insulin | 9 | – | |
| Oral+insulin | 7 | – | |
| Diet | 1 | – | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5.11±4.64 | – | |
| Smoking | |||
| Current | 8 | 8 | |
| Past | 6 | 4 | |
| Never | 14 | 19 | |
| History of cardiovascular diseases | 0 | 0 | |
| Refractive error (dioptres) | −0.98±1.8 | −0.95±2.3 | 0.95 |
| Axial length (mm) | 24.4±1.0 | 24.3±1.1 | 0.81 |
| Body mass index | 25.8±5.9 | 22.2±3.0 | 0.004 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 115.2±11.7 | 116.7±10.4 | 0.58 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69.8±10.6 | 72.1±8.6 | 0.34 |
| Intraocular pressure (mm Hg) | 14.5±1.9 | 14.8±2.7 | 0.36 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 45.4±7.8 | 44.6±6.1 | 0.64 |
| Mean blood pressure (mm Hg) | 85.0±10.3 | 87.0±8.8 | 0.39 |
| Ocular perfusion pressure (mm Hg) | 43.4±6.2 | 43.9±7.0 | 0.76 |
| Outer diameter (µm) | 128.0±15.5 | 125.2±12.1 | 0.41 |
| Inner diameter (µm) | 101.8±14.6 | 101.8±11.2 | 0.98 |
| Wall thickness (µm) | 26.2±5.6 | 23.4±3.6 | 0.02 |