Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (n=267)
| Characteristic | With nAMD (n=162) | Without nAMD (n=105) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical variables | N (%) | N (%) | p Value* |
| Age (years) | |||
| 40–49 | 8 (5.52) | 7 (6.86) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 20 (13.79) | 21 (20.59) | |
| 60–69 | 53 (36.55) | 54 (52.94) | |
| 70–80 | 50 (34.48) | 20 (19.61) | |
| 80+ | 14 (9.66) | 0 (0) | |
| Gender (male) | 96 (65.75) | 61 (59.8) | 0.339 |
| Low SES (yes) | 73 (50) | 45 (44.12) | 0.361 |
| Drink alcohol (yes) | 27 (18.49) | 10 (9.8) | 0.059 |
| Current smoker (yes) | 31 (21.23) | 14 (13.73) | 0.131 |
| Education | |||
| Primary or lower | 78 (53.42) | 52 (50.98) | 0.906 |
| Secondary | 38 (26.03) | 29 (28.43) | |
| Post-secondary | 30 (20.55) | 21 (20.59) | |
| Income | |||
| <$1000 | 106 (72.6) | 45 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| $1000 to <2000 | 17 (11.64) | 26 (25.49) | |
| $2000 to <3000 | 9 (6.16) | 10 (9.8) | |
| ≥$3000 | 14 (9.59) | 20 (19.61) | |
| Can read (yes) | 146 (90.12) | 104 (99.05) | 0.004 |
| Can write (yes) | 141 (87.04) | 103 (98.10) | 0.002 |
| Currently driving (yes) | 45 (27.78) | 43 (40.95) | 0.025 |
| Angina (yes) | 7 (4.43) | 3 (2.86) | 0.514 |
| Myocardial infarction (yes) | 6 (3.75) | 5 (4.76) | 0.686 |
| Stroke (yes) | 1 (0.62) | 1 (0.95) | 0.76 |
| Thyroid (yes) | 7 (4.35) | 4 (3.81) | 0.829 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia (yes) | 78 (59.68) | 51 (49.04) | 0.919 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 93 (57.76) | 44 (42.31) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 33 (20.50) | 13 (12.38) | 0.087 |
| Vision impairment | |||
| None or mild (<0.5 LogMAR) | 108 (73.97) | 102 (100) | <0.001 |
| Moderate (≥0.5 LogMAR <1.0) | 26 (17.81) | 0 (0) | |
| Severe (≥1.0 LogMAR) | 12 (8.22) | 0 (0) | |
| Continuous variables | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age | 67.57 (9.96) | 63.12 (7.06) | <0.001 |
| PVA (LogMAR better eye) | 0.324 (0.33) | 0.111 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 24.41 (4.00) | 24.03 (3.30) | 0.436 |
| Systolic BP | 145.16 (21.93) | 140.49 (16.43) | 0.071 |
| Diastolic BP | 77.01 (10.92) | 79.67 (9.17) | 0.044 |
Bold values represent significant differences between subjects with and without nAMD (p<0.05).
*p Value calculated using χ2 test or t-test, where appropriate.
BP, blood pressure; LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; nAMD, neovascular age-related macular degeneration; PVA, presenting visual acuity; SES, socioeconomic status.