Individual level | Collective and system level | |
Patient setting of the research agenda | Individual suggestions to a health professional or researcher | PPI, including: James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership Patient representatives on grant-awarding committees Awarding of grants dependent on PPI Patients as members of the research team |
Patient experience of their disease and the impact of treatment | Dialogue with a health professional, for example, clinic visit PROMs | Qualitative studies Core outcome sets (COS) PROMs |
Patient identification of their priorities for treatment | Dialogue with a health professional, for example, clinic visit PROMs | COS |
Patient-to-patient peer support | Dialogue with another patient, for example, through PSS Online patient discussion forums | PSS-produced information resources PSS surveys of their members Research collating data from online forums |
Patient assessment of quality of care | Individual feedback to a health professional or a peer | Patient satisfaction surveys PREMs Online resources (eg, reviews of services/individual clinicians) |
Patient setting of health policy agenda | Individual requests to a health professional or policy maker | Patient representation at bodies such as HTA/NICE Campaigning by PSS |
COS, core outcome sets; HTA, health technology assessment; NICE, National Institute of Health and Care Excellence; PPI, patient and public involvement; PSS, patient support society; PREMs, Patient-Reported Experience Measures; PROMs, patient-reported outcome measures.