| Measure | VLBW | Controls | P value | |
| <1000 g (n=64) | ≥1000 g (n=165) | (n=100) | ||
| (C) VLBW by birth weight <1000 g vs controls | ||||
| Visual acuity (better eye) | ||||
| Mean (SD) logMAR score* | 0.018 (0.182) | −0.029 (0.155) | −0.078 (0.086) | 0.001 |
| % logMAR>0 | 42.2 | 29.1 | 13 | 0.001 |
| % logMAR>0.3 | 15.6 | 4.2 | 0 | 0.001 |
| Autorefraction (better eye)* | ||||
| % myopia (≥0.5 D) | 47.5 | 51.2 | 44 | NS |
| % myopia (>2.0 D) | 18.0 | 11.6 | 12 | NS |
| % myopia (>5.0 D) | 8.2 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.02 |
| % hypermetropia (>2.0 D) | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2 | NS |
| % astigmatism (>2.0 D) | 4.9 | 6.7 | 1 | NS |
| Contrast sensitivity (better eye) | ||||
| Mean (SD) sensitivity* | 1.75 (0.15) | 1.75 (0.13) | 1.76 (0.13) | NS |
| % Abnormal eye photo*† | 13.3 | 5.6 | 3.2 | 0.06 |
| % Visual impairment (moderate)‡ | 32.8 | 18.8 | 14 | 0.01 |
| % Wear glasses | 26.6 | 24.2 | 30 | NS |
*Excludes three ROP adults, two with some light perception and one with none.
†Excludes 38 VLBW and 5 controls unable to obtain acceptable eye photo due to problems with pupil dilation, eye movement or other factors.
‡Any of visual acuity >0.3 LogMAR, myopia >2 D, hypermetropia >2 D or astigmatism >2 D in the better eye.
LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; ROP, retinopathy for prematurity; VLBW, very low birthweight.