Table 3

Postoperative safety profile of intracameral moxifloxacin

Structure	Study	Dose of IC moxifloxacin	(−) No toxicity, (+) toxicity		Study details
Structure	Study	Dose of IC moxifloxacin	Eyes (−)	Eyes (+)	Study details
Cornea	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL	36†	0†	Cohort. There was no difference in ECC and CCT in 15 mcg/0.1 mL and control as well as in comparison of 50 mcg/0.1 mL. Matsuura et al used the bag and chamber flushing method for ICM administration in their studies. This method irrigates the anterior chamber and the area behind the intraocular lens.
	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL versus 50 mcg/0.1 mL	66†	0†
	Matsuura et al 19	20 mcg/0.1 mL	555*	0*	Cohort. No difference was observed in ECL between treatment (ICM) and control.
	Kowalski et al 56	25 mcg/0.1 mL	3†	0†	Animal study. ICM compared with ICV. The corneal thickness increased on day 1; however, thickness returned to normal on day 7. No difference in CCT was found between groups.
	Kowalski et al 56	50 mcg/0.1 mL	3†	0†
	Matsuura et al 45	50 mcg/0.1 mL	6*	0*	Cohort. No toxic finding reported.
	Arbisser41	100 mcg/0.1 mL	200*	0*	Cohort. No stromal oedema was observed.
	Akal et al 50	500 mcg/0.1 mL	2‡	8‡	Animal study. Staining for apoptotic activity with caspase-3 and caspase-8 was higher in the moxifloxacin group versus control and sham injection (P>0.05).
	Arslan et al 43	500 mcg/0.1 mL	0*	55*	Cohort. All patients had a history of PK. ECC was reduced (P<0.001) and CCT increased (P<0.001). However, results are similar to other reported phacoemulsification cases.
	Asena et al 49	500 mcg/0.1 mL	48†	0†	Animal study. No differences in the corneal findings.
	Espiritu et al 42	500 mcg/0.1 mL	65*	0*	Cohort. No difference in ECC (P=0.737) and pachymetry (P=0.65).
	Kim et al 46	500 mcg/0.1 mL	9†	0†	Animal study. No statistical difference in CCT (P=0.06).
	Kobayakawa et al 47	500 mcg/0.1 mL	6†	0†	Animal study. Corneal damage rate was found to be 0% with moxifloxacin.
	Ekinci Koktekir and Aslan 44	500 mcg/0.1 mL	30*	0*	Cohort. Postoperative pachymetry in ICM versus control was not significantly different (P=0.345).
	Lane et al 48	500 mcg/0.1 mL	26*	0*	RCT. ICM versus BSS. No difference in ECC or CCT at 3 months (P>0.05).
	Zhou et al 51	500 mcg/0.1 mL	91*	0*	Cohort. No difference between patients receiving ICM and topical moxifloxacin drops.
	Cetinkaya et al 52	500 mcg/0.1 mL	33*	0*	Cohort. No difference in corneal oedema compared with control.
AC	Arbisser41	100 mcg/0.1 mL	200*	0*	Cohort. Postoperative day 1 AC cell was lower in the ICM group (P=0.0007).
	Espiritu et al 42	500 mcg/0.1 mL	65*	0*	Cohort. AC cell noted on postoperative day 1 which resolved on next exam.
	Lane et al 48	500 mcg/0.1 mL	17*	9*	RCT. Not significantly different from controls (P>0.05).
	Zhou et al 51	500 mcg/0.1 mL	91*	0*	Cohort. No difference between patients receiving ICM and topical moxifloxacin drops.
	Cetinkaya et al 52	500 mcg/0.1 mL16	33*	0*	Cohort. No difference between patients receiving ICM and topical moxifloxacin drops.
IOP	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL	36†	0†	Cohort. No difference in IOP (P>0.5) at 3 months for both comparisons.
	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL versus 50 mcg/0.1 mL	33†	0†
	Ekinci Koktekir and Aslan44	500 mcg/0.1 mL	30*	0*	Cohort. No difference in IOP versus control (P=0.15).
	Lane et al 48	500 mcg/0.1 mL	26*	0*	RCT. No difference in IOP versus control (P>0.05).
	Cetinkaya et al 52	500 mcg/0.1 mL16	33*	0*	Cohort. No difference in IOP versus control (P>0.05).
Retina	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL	36†	0†	Cohort. No difference in FT at 1 and 3 months for both comparisons (P>0.05).
	Matsuura et al 40	15 mcg/0.1 mL versus 50 mcg/0.1 mL	33†	0†
	Arbisser41	100 mcg/0.1 mL	31*	0*	Cohort. Macular thickness and volume showed mean increases of less than 3% and 4% in all sectors, respectively, compared with preoperative readings.
	Ekinci Koktekir and Aslan44	500 mcg/0.1 mL	30*	0*	Cohort. No difference in macular thickness versus control groups (P=0.107).
VA	Espiritu et al 42	500 mcg/0.1 mL	65*	0*	Cohort. All eyes had VA 20/30 or better.
	Lane et al 48	500 mcg/0.1 mL	26*	0*	RCT. All eyes had VA 20/30 or better.
	Zhou et al 51	500 mcg/0.1 mL	91*	0*	Cohort. No difference between patients receiving ICM and topical moxifloxacin drops.
	Cetinkaya et al 52	500 mcg/0.1 mL	33*	0*	Cohort. No significant difference in VA compared with control.

*Human eyes.
†Rabbit eyes.
‡Rat eyes.
AC, anterior chamber; BSS, balanced salt solution; CCT, central corneal thickness; ECC, endothelial cell count; ECL, endothelial cell loss; FT, foveal thickness; IC, intracameral; ICM, intracameral moxifloxacin; ICV, intracameral vancomycin; IOP, intraocular pressure; PK, penetrating keratoplasty; RCT, randomised controlled trial; VA, visual acuity.