Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Controls (n=37) | No DR (n=31) | NPDR (n=41) | PDR (n=27) | |
| Mean age, years | 64.8 | 64.3 | 64.9 | 54.2 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 20 (54%) | 15 (48%) | 19 (46%) | 13 (48%) |
| Right eye, n (%) | 14 (38%) | 13 (42%) | 13 (32%) | 12 (44%) |
| EDTRS BCVA, mean±SD | 81.4±4.8 | 80.3±6.2 | 79.7±7.5 | 70.8±11.1 |
| High myopia*, % | 8.8 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 7.4 |
| PRP, % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88.9 |
| Focal laser, % | 0 | 0 | 15 | 22.2 |
| Eyes that received anti-VEGF injections, % | 0 | 0 | 7.5 | 51.9 |
*Refractive error ≤ −6 dioptre.
Anti-VEGF, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation.