Prevalences of RA, CA and IA at different magnitudes as well as the condition of children with or without lens correction
| ≥0.5 D | ≥0.75 D | ≥1.0 D | ≥1.5 D | |
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| RA | 54.8 (52.3 to 57.1) | 31.6 (29.5 to 33.8) | 17.4 (15.6 to 19.2) | 5.9 (4.8 to 7.0) |
| Boys | 53.3 (50.1 to 56.6) | 30.7 (27.7 to 33.7) | 17.7 (15.2 to 20.2) | 6.5 (47.8 to 8.1) |
| Girls | 56.2 (53.0 to 59.4) | 32.6 (29.5 to 35.6) | 17.1 (14.7 to 19.8) | 5.3 (3.9 to 6.8) |
| P value* | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.76 | 0.31 |
| CA | 86.7 (85.1 to 88.3) | 71.3 (69.2 to 73.4) | 52.8 (50.5 to 55.1) | 20.1 (18.3 to 22.0) |
| Boys | 84.7 (82.3 to 87.1) | 67.8 (64.8 to 70.8) | 49.8 (46.5 to 53.1) | 20.4 (17.7 to 23.0) |
| Girls | 88.7 (86.6 to 90.7) | 74.8 (71.9 to 77.6) | 55.7 (52.4 to 58.9) | 19.9 (17.3 to 22.5) |
| P value* | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.79 |
| IA | 69.5 (67.3 to 71.6) | 42.1 (39.8 to 44.4) | 20.9 (19.0 to 22.8) | 3.1 (2.3 to 4.0) |
| Boys | 66.6 (63.5 to 69.7) | 38.6 (35.4 to 41.8) | 18.3 (15.8 to 20.9) | 2.6 (1.6 to 3.7) |
| Girls | 72.3 (69.4 to 75.3) | 45.6 (42.3 to 48.8) | 23.3 (20.6 to 26.1) | 3.7 (2.4 to 4.9) |
| P value* | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
| With lens correction | ||||
| No | 483 (49.4%) | 243 (43.1%) | 122 (39.4%) | 33 (31.4%) |
| Yes | 494 (50.6%) | 321 (56.9%) | 188 (60.6%) | 72 (68.6%) |
| Single spectacles | 305 | 210 | 123 | 47 |
| Bifocal spectacles | 24 | 16 | 12 | 7 |
| Contact lenses | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Progressive spectacles | 20 | 11 | 7 | 3 |
| Unknown | 145 | 84 | 46 | 15 |
CA, corneal astigmatism; IA, internal astigmatism; RA, refractive astigmatism.