Table 3

Summary of determinants of macular thickness parameters in SEED and previous population-based studies

Studies	Macular thickness parameters	OCT	Age	Female	SE	AL	BMI	DM/FG	Smoking
SEED	OMT	SDOCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec)	↓	↓	↑	↓	Nil	↓	Nil
SEED	CSMT	SDOCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec)	↓	↓	↓	↑	Nil	↓	Nil
UKBB	OMT	SDOCT (Topcon 3D OCT-1000 Mark II; Topcon GB, Newberry, Berkshire, UK)	↓	↓	↑	NA	↓	NA	↓
UKBB	CSMT		↓/↑*	↓	↓	NA	↓	NA	↓
HDES	CSMT	TDOCT (Stratus OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec)	↑	↓	Nil	↑	Nil	↓	NA
BDES	CSMT	SDOCT (Topcon 3D-OCT 1000-Mark II)	Nil	↓	↓	NA	NA	NA	↓

↓denotes significant negative association with respective macular thickness parameter; ↑ denotes significant positive association.
*Negative correlation for age group of 60–69 years, and positive correlation for age group of 40–59 years.
AL, axial length; BMI, body mass index; BDES, Beaver Dam Eye Study; CSMT, central subfield macular thickness; DM, diabetes mellitus; FG, fasting glucose; HDES, Handan Eye Study; NA, denotes uninvestigated factor in the studdy, OCT, optical coherence tomography; OMT, overall average macular thickness; SDOCT, spectral-domain OCT; TDOCT, time-domain OCT; SE, spherical equivalent; SEED, Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases; UKBB, United Kingdom Biobank Study.