Overall average macular thickness | Central subfield macular thickness | |||||||
β | Standardised β | 95% CI | P values | β | Standardised β | 95% CI | P values | |
Systemic factors | ||||||||
Age, per decade | −4.39 | −0.33 | −4.98 to −3.80 | <0.001 | −1.72 | −0.08 | −2.66 to −0.77 | <0.001 |
Female (vs male) | −5.74 | −0.43 | −6.59 to −4.89 | <0.001 | −14.20 | −0.66 | −15.68 to −12.73 | <0.001 |
Malay (vs Chinese) | −1.55 | −0.12 | −2.59 to −0.50 | 0.004 | −1.25 | −0.06 | −2.93 to 0.44 | 0.147 |
Indian (vs Chinese) | −5.67 | −0.42 | −6.66 to −4.67 | <0.001 | −2.82 | −0.13 | −4.42 to −1.21 | 0.001 |
Hypertension | −0.43 | −0.03 | −1.27 to 0.40 | 0.308 | −0.13 | −0.01 | −1.48 to 1.21 | 0.849 |
Diabetes mellitus | −1.10 | −0.08 | −2.07 to −0.13 | 0.026 | −3.13 | −0.15 | −4.68 to −1.58 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.11 to 0.07 | 0.693 | −0.10 | −0.02 | −0.25 to 0.05 | 0.179 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.44 | 0.04 | 0.11 to 0.77 | 0.010 | – | – | – | – |
HDL (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | 2.17 | 0.04 | 0.05 to 4.28 | 0.045 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | 0.26 | 0.01 | −0.28 to 0.79 | 0.343 |
Chronic kidney disease | −3.21 | −0.24 | −5.00 to −1.43 | <0.001 | −0.31 | −0.01 | −3.19 to 2.57 | 0.835 |
Current smoker | 0.19 | 0.01 | −0.95 to 1.34 | 0.742 | 0.24 | 0.01 | −1.62 to 2.09 | 0.802 |
Ocular factors | ||||||||
Axial length (mm) | −2.34 | −0.20 | −2.70 to −1.98 | <0.001 | 2.51 | 0.14 | 1.94 to 3.08 | <0.001 |
Corneal curvature (mm) | −1.79 | −0.03 | −3.27 to −0.31 | 0.018 | −6.51 | −0.08 | −8.84 to −4.17 | <0.001 |
Intraocular pressure (mm Hg) | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.10 to 0.10 | 0.972 | −0.03 | 0.00 | −0.18 to 0.13 | 0.751 |
Presence of any cataract | −0.94 | −0.07 | −1.60 to −0.28 | 0.005 | −0.82 | −0.04 | −1.84 to 0.19 | 0.113 |
Signal strength | −0.94 | −0.07 | −1.12 to −0.76 | <0.001 | −1.30 | −0.06 | −1.57 to −1.03 | <0.001 |
β denotes the change in macular thickness parameters (in µm), per unit change in corresponding factors.
‘–’ denotes the factor which was not included in the multivariable model in the corresponding macular thickness parameter.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.