Oil Droplets | P value‡ | |||
First | Last | Last-First | ||
Conditions (N=60) | ||||
Fluid only | 0.04±0.19 | 0.31±0.94 | 0.28±0.95 | 0.003 |
Fluid, air and priming | 0.16±0.70 | 0.65±2.12 | 0.49±2.00 | <0.001 |
Fluid and agitation | 1.73±3.11 | 2.85±4.89 | 1.13±2.39 | 0.010 |
Fluid, air and agitation | 3.73±6.07 | 6.59±12.39 | 2.86±7.71 | <0.001 |
Fluid, air, priming and agitation | 3.14±4.69 | 4.96±7.74 | 1.83±4.03 | <0.001 |
Fluid (8°C), air, priming and agitation | 4.74±9.65 | 7.13±14.89 | 2.39±9.22 | 0.007 |
P value§ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020¶ | |
Syringe ( N = 80 ) | ||||
BD Ultra-Fine | 5.15±4.40 | 8.08±7.90 | 2.93±5.11 | <0.001 |
Terumo | 10.45±11.04 | 18.63±17.45 | 8.18±12.17 | <0.001 |
Injekt-F | 0.05±0.29 | 0.02±0.13 | −0.03±0.32 | 0.414 |
Omnifix-F | 0.75±1.02 | 1.35±1.72 | 0.60±1.21 | <0.001 |
BD Luer-Lok | 0.73±0.90 | 1.03±1.10 | 0.30±0.72 | 0.002 |
BD Tuberculin | 0.15±0.52 | 0.18±0.47 | 0.03±0.61 | 0.507 |
BD Plastipak | 0.60±0.79 | 0.53±0.62 | −0.07±0.66 | 0.432 |
Exel | 0.15±0.44 | 0.15±0.40 | 0.00±0.49 | 1.000 |
P§ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean number of oil droplets±SD.
Dunn-Bonferroni multiple comparisons for conditions (first and last): fluid, air and agitation=fluid, air, priming and agitation=fluid (8°C), air, priming and agitation >fluid only=fluid, air and agitation
*The positive control was excluded from this specific analysis.
‡P by the Wilcoxon test for comparison of mean number of droplets in the first and last drops.
§P by the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of mean number of droplets in different conditions and syringe models.
¶No difference in means by Dunn-Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.
BD, Becton-Dickinson.