Participant characteristics
| Characteristics | Results |
| Participants, n | 72 |
| Race | African-American |
| Eyes included for analysis | 72 (one eye per each participant) |
| Median age and range (years) | 32.5; range 19–70 |
| Female, n (%) | 46 (63.9) |
| Right eye included, n (%) | 42 (58) |
| Controls, n | 20 |
| Patients with sickle cell disease, n | 52 |
| Stratified by proliferative disease, n (%) | |
| Non-proliferative (stage 2 or below) | 33 (63.5) |
| Proliferative (stage 3 or above) | 19 (36.5) |
| Stratified by sickle genotype, n (%) | |
| Haemoglobin SS | 35 (67.3) |
| Haemoglobin SC | 10 (19.2) |
| Beta-thalassemia | 7 (13.5) |