Table 1

Demographics, refraction status and myopia prevalence of children

	n (%)	T1		T2		T3		T4		T5		P value
		SE	Myopia	SE	Myopia	SE	Myopia	SE	Myopia	SE	Myopia
		Mean	%	Mean	%	Mean	%	Mean	%	Mean	%
All students*	15 052	‒0.23±1.24	34.05	‒0.46±1.32	42.37	‒0.65±1.44	48.50	‒0.84±1.52	54.29	‒1.01±1.59	58.30	–
Study sample	10 743	‒0.22±1.21	33.72	‒0.45±1.29	42.10	‒0.65±1.41	48.26	‒0.82±1.49	54.03	‒0.99±1.57	57.90	–
Gender
Female	5078 (47.26)	‒0.15±1.22	31.49	‒0.39±1.29	40.36	‒0.60±1.40	47.69	‒0.78±1.47	53.70	‒0.95±1.56	57.19	<0.001
Male	5665 (52.73)	‒0.27±1.19	35.72	‒0.51±1.29	43.63	‒0.69±1.41	48.78	‒0.86±1.5	54.32	‒1.03±1.58	58.54	<0.001
Paternal high myopia
None	8280 (77.07)	‒0.14±1.17	31.25	‒0.36±1.25	39.21	‒0.55±1.37	45.49	‒0.72±1.44	50.99	‒0.88±1.51	55.03	<0.001
High myopic	2177 (20.26)	‒0.49±1.30	43.23	‒0.79±1.39	53.24	‒1.01±1.50	59.20	‒1.23±1.58	65.56	‒1.46±1.72	69.19	<0.001
Maternal high myopia
None	7832 (72.90)	‒0.11±1.14	30.74	‒0.34±1.22	38.65	‒0.51±1.33	44.20	‒0.70±1.41	50.10	‒0.85±1.48	54.04	<0.001
High myopic	2644 (24.61)	‒0.52±1.35	42.87	‒0.78±1.43	52.47	‒1.04±1.57	60.09	‒1.20±1.65	65.09	‒1.41±1.76	68.79	<0.001
Myopia treatment
No	1684 (15.67)	‒0.30±1.26	37.37	‒0.52±1.33	44.72	‒0.72±1.43	51.30	‒0.90±1.51	57.49	‒1.08±1.59	62.11	<0.001
Yes	9011 (83.87)	0.21±0.75	14.98	‒0.04±0.92	25.33	‒0.15±1.08	26.35	‒0.30±1.19	28.47	‒0.39±1.28	27.56	<0.001

Following time: T1=July‒October 2015, T2=January‒May 2016, T3=July‒October 2016, T4=January‒May 2017, T5=July‒October 2017.
The demographics, changes of refraction status and myopia prevalence of children aged 9–11 years in Myopia Investigation study in Taipei. The mean SE at baseline was −0.22 D, and SEs were –0.45, –0.65, −0.82 and −0.99 at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months follow-up, respectivel. The comparisons of SE showed significant difference between subgroups: students with/without family history of high myopia and with/without myopia treatment.
*All students underwent cycloplegic refraction examination when they were included in the programme in 2014. Students using orthokeratology were excluded.
SE, spherical equivalent.