Detection methods for coronaviruses
Coronavirus | Method | Sample | Timing (days after onset) | References | Conjunctivitis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARS-CoV | ELISA | Tear (conjunctival swabs) | 7–10 days | 13 | Not reported, but RT-PCR and ELISA detection of patient’s tears were positive. |
Blood serum | |||||
PCR | Tear (conjunctival swabs) | 12 days | 21 | ||
RT-PCR | Blood serum | In the second week | 22 | ||
Respiratory secretions | |||||
Urine | |||||
Stool | |||||
Lung tissue | |||||
SARS-CoV-2 | RT-PCR | BALF | Reported, RT-PCR conjunctival swab results were positive in a small range of patients. | ||
Deep sputum | 17 | ||||
Conjunctival swabs | 23 | ||||
RT-PCR | Upper respiratory secretions (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs) | 4 days | 24 | ||
Serum | 11 days | ||||
Stool | 7 days | ||||
ELISA | Blood serum | Acute phase, remission phase | 13 | ||
Gene sequencing | Blood serum | 12 | |||
HCoV-NL63 | RT-PCR | Respiratory samples (nasal aspirates and swabs) | 25 | Reported; no detection of eye tissue was reported | |
Gene sequencing | Nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen | 5 days | 14 | ||
MERS-CoV | RT-PCR | Respiratory tract samples, such as nasopharyngeal swab, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate, etc | 26 | Not reported |
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; HCoV-NL63, human coronavirus NL63; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription PCR; SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.