Pooled prevalence of overall and sublesions of MMD
| Study | N | High myopia (%) | MMD (%) | MMD within high myopic subjects (%)* | Gender | Pathologic sublesions (%) | ||||
| Male | Female | Staphyloma | Lacquer cracks | Fuchs’ spot | Chorioretinal atrophy at the posterior pole | |||||
| SEED | 8716 | 6.0 (5.5 to 6.5)* | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.4) | 28.7 (25.0 to 32.7) | 4.1 (3.5 to 4.7) | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.5) | – | – | – | – |
| The Shaanxi Eye Study | 6815 | – | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | – | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) |
| The Yangxi Eye Study | 4469 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7)† | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | – | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | – | – | – |
| The Shihpai Eye Study | 1058 | 4.2 (3.1 to 5.6)† | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.2) | – | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.9) | 4.3 (2.7 to 6.8) | – | – | – | – |
| CHES | 4582 | 8.0 (7.2 to 8.8)* | 10.7 (9.8 to 11.6) | – | 12.4 (10.8 to 14.2) | 11.3 (10.1 to 12.6) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.3) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | – | – |
| The Handan Eye Study | 6603 | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.5)* | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | – | – | – | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) |
| The Beijing Eye Study | 4319 | 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9) | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.7) | 65.4 (58.8 to 71.5) | – | – | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.1 (0 to 0.3) | 3.1 (2.6 to 3.7)) |
| The Hisayama Eye Study (2005) | 1892 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2)* | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | – | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2) | – | 0.1 (0 to 0.4) | 0.1 (0 to 0.4) | – |
| The Blue Mountain Eye Study | 3583 | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.3)* | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 25.3 (16.9 to 36.0) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.1 (0 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) |
| The Central India Eye and Medical Study | 4561 | – | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | – | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.4) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6) | – | – | – | – |
| The Hisayama Eye Study (2012) | 2874 | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.1)* | 3.0 (2.4 to 3.7) | – | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.3) | 3.5 (2.7 to 4.5) | – | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5) | – |
| The Hisayama Eye Study (2017) | 2936 | 3.0 (2.4 to 3.7)* | 3.6 (3.0 to 4.3) | – | 3.3 (2.5 to 4.4) | 3.8 (3.0 to 4.8) | – | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | – |
| The Wuxi Eye Study | 6150 | 3.7 (3.3 to 4.2)† | 2.6 (2.2 to 3.0) | 71.4 (65.2 to 76.9) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.8) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.8) | – | – | – | – |
| Pooled Prevalence | 58 558 | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.2)‡ | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.3)§ | 47.4 (24.3 to 71.7)¶ | 4.2 (3.9 to 4.6)** | 4.6 (4.3 to 4.9)†† | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)‡‡ | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4)§§ | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)¶¶ | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.3)*** |
*≤−5.0D.
†≤−6.0D.
‡I2=97.995%, p<0.001.
§I2=98.846%, p<0.001.
¶I2=98.090%, p<0.001.
**I2=97.707%, p<0.001.
††I2=97.872%, p<0.001.
‡‡I2=93.031%, p<0.001.
§§I2=80.665%, p<0.001.
¶¶I2=0.0%, p=0.571.
***I2=98.454%, p<0.001.
CHES, the Chinese American Eye Study; MMD, myopic macular degeneration; SEED, the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease.