Generalised estimating equation model of factors associated with axial length and SE without interaction
| Variables | AL (mm) | SE (D) | ||
| P value | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | 0.348 | 1.054 (0.944 to 1.177) | 0.949 | 0.993 (0.790 to 1.247) |
| Gender | ||||
| Girl | <0.001 | 0.528 (0.415 to 0.672) | 0.877 | 1.040 (0.635 to 1.702) |
| Boy | – | — | ||
| Parental myopia | ||||
| Both | <0.001 | 2.214 (1.617 to 3.031) | <0.001 | 0.220 (0.113 to 0.428) |
| Either | 0.055 | 1.281 (0.995 to 1.650) | 0.028 | 0.565 (0.339 to 0.942) |
| Neither | – | – | ||
| Menarche or first spermatorrhoea | ||||
| Occurred | 0.049 | 1.239 (1.001 to 1.536) | 0.003 | 0.514 (0.334 to 0.793) |
| Not occurred | – | – | ||
| Outdoor time (hour) | <0.001 | 0.774 (0.701 to 0.854) | <0.001 | 1.591 (1.289 to 1.965) |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 0.001 | 1.062 (1.025 to 1.101) | 0.019 | 0.912 (0.844 to 0.985) |
| Testosterone (pg/mL) | 0.150 | 1.003 (0.999 to 1.007) | 0.021 | 0.992 (0.985 to 0.999) |
| Height (cm) | 0.167 | 1.008 (0.997 to 1.019) | 0.607 | 0.996 (0.982 to 1.011) |
SE, spherical equivalent; AL, axial length.