Table 3A

Multiple regression analysis of factors associated with changes in axial length stratified by puberty development groups

Variables	Total		PND		ND		BD
Variables	P value	Standardised β (95%CI)	P value	Standardised β (95%CI)	P value	Standardised β (95%CI)	P value	Standardised β (95%CI)
Gender, girls versus boys	0.993	−0.001 (−0.083 to 0.082)	0.592	−0.060 (−0.202 to 0.116)	0.611	0.109 (−0.146 to 0.245)	0.627	−0.244 (−0.444 to 0.275)
Baseline age (years)	0.183	−0.115 (-0.074 to 0.014)	0.119	−0.172 (−0.128 to 0.015)	0.332	−0.168 (−0.126 to 0.043)	0.099	0.359 (−0.022 to 0.232)
Parental myopia	0.001	0.230 (0.032 to 0.113)	0.017	0.233 (0.016 to 0.151)	0.182	0.184 (−0.025 to 0.126)	0.501	0.134 (−0.071 to 0.139)
Outdoor time (hours)	<0.001	−0.250 (−0.072 to −0.022)	0.017	−0.262 (−0.103 to −0.010)	0.133	−0.203 (−0.074 to 0.010)	0.361	−0.174 (−0.108 to 0.041)
Estradiol (pg/mL)	0.189	0.091 (−0.011 to 0.057)	0.858	−0.018 (−0.062 to 0.052)	0.339	0.147 (−0.039 to 0.110)	0.207	0.259 (−0.030 to 0.128)
Testosterone (pg/mL)	0.331	0.081 (−0.001 to 0.003)	0.053	0.217 (0 to 0.006)	0.823	−0.040 (−0.005 to 0.004)	0.805	0.058 (−0.003 to 0.004)
Changes in estradiol (pg/mL)	<0.001	0.261 (0.011 to 0.035)	0.007	0.308 (0.009 to 0.050)	0.077	0.273 (−0.003 to 0.050)	0.866	0.030 (−0.020 to 0.024)
Changes in testosterone (pg/mL)	0.365	0.068 (−0.001 to 0.002)	0.18	0.140 (−0.001 to 0.003)	0.784	0.050 (−0.002 to 0.003)	0.551	−0.135 (−0.003 to 0.002)
Height (cm)	0.236	−0.108 (−0.008 to 0.002)	0.078	−0.188 (−0.016 to 0.001)	0.553	0.105 (−0.008 to 0.014)	0.364	−0.296 (−0.020 to 0.008)
Changes in height (cm)	0.003	0.278 (0.005 to 0.022)	0.735	0.042 (−0.014 to 0.019)	0.06	0.344 (−0.001 to 0.039)	0.13	0.665 (−0.006 to 0.044)

R² for total: 0.445; R² for PND: 0.567; R² for ND: 0.375; R² for BD: 0.595.
BD, baseline developed; ND, newly developed; PND, persistent non-developed.