Generalised estimating equation model of factors associated with axial length and SE with interaction
| Variables | AL, mm | SE, D | ||
| P value | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | 0.273 | 1.062 (0.953 to 1.184) | 0.916 | 0.988 (0.788 to 1.238) |
| Gender | ||||
| Girl | <0.001 | 0.529 (0.417 to 0.672) | 0.878 | 1.039 (0.635 to 1.701) |
| Boy | – | – | ||
| Parental myopia | ||||
| Both | <0.001 | 2.203 (1.615 to 3.005) | <0.001 | 0.221 (0.113 to 0.429) |
| Either | 0.067 | 1.263 (0.984 to 1.622) | 0.030 | 0.569 (0.343 to 0.945) |
| Neither | – | – | ||
| Menarche or first spermatorrhoea | ||||
| Occurred | 0.448 | 0.854 (0.568 to 1.284) | 0.278 | 0.653 (0.303 to 1.409) |
| Not occurred | – | – | ||
| Outdoor time (hours) | <0.001 | 0.727 (0.650 to 0.813) | <0.001 | 1.657 (1.318 to 2.083) |
| Interaction (outdoor×puberty) | 0.024 | 1.199 (1.024 to 1.403) | 0.473 | 0.890 (0.647 to 1.224) |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 0.003 | 1.056 (1.019 to 1.095) | 0.026 | 0.915 (0.846 to 0.989) |
| Testosterone (pg/mL) | 0.165 | 1.003 (0.999 to 1.007) | 0.021 | 0.992 (0.985 to 0.999) |
| Height (cm) | 0.173 | 1.008 (0.997 to 1.020) | 0.604 | 0.996 (0.982 to 1.011) |