Univariate and multivariate analyses of systemic and ocular factors associated with MTM in Singaporean myopic adults from the population-based Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases-2 study (N=2913 eyes)
| Myopic eyes with MTM (refrence: myopic eyes without MTM) | |||||
| Characteristics | n | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Age (years) | 2913 | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) | 0.65 | *1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 0.78 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1336 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 1577 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.7) | 0.59 | *1.7 (0.6 to 4.7) | 0.27 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Chinese | 1393 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Non-Chinese | 1520 | 1.8 (0.8 to 4.1) | 0.18 | *1.5 (0.5 to 4.9) | 0.45 |
| Education history | |||||
| Low | 1077 | Reference | |||
| High | 1836 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.2) | 0.55 | ||
| Hypertension | |||||
| Absent | 1092 | Reference | |||
| Present | 1807 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.3) | 0.38 | ||
| Diabetes | |||||
| Absent | 2026 | Reference | |||
| Present | 650 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) | 0.99 | ||
| SE (D) | 2913 | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.6) | <0.001 | †0.6 (0.5 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
| AL (mm) | 2883 | 4.6 (3.2 to 6.5) | <0.001 | *3.6 (2.3 to 5.6) | <0.001 |
| MMD | |||||
| Absent | 2291 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Present | 172 | 38.1 (15.7 to 92.7) | <0.001 | *4.9 (1.4 to 17.9) | 0.01 |
*Multivariate model includes age, gender, ethnicity, AL and MMD.
†Multivariate model includes age, gender, ethnicity, SE and MMD.
AL, axial length; MMD, myopic macular degeneration; MTM, myopic traction maculopathy; SE, spherical equivalent.