Retinal findings on dilated eye examination of inpatients with severe COVID-19
| A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient no./sex/age range | Baseline comorbidities* | Inpatient unity | Invasive mechanical ventilation | Vasoactive pharmacological support |
| 1/M/40s | HBP, DM, CKD | ICU | No | No |
| 2/M/60s | HBP, DM | ICU | Yes | No |
| 3/F/60s | – | Infirmary | No | No |
| 4/M/60s | HBP, AF | ICU | Yes | Yes |
| 5/M/60s | HBP, DM | ICU | Yes | No |
| 6/M/70s | HBP, DM | ICU | Yes | Yes |
| 7/M/50s | HBP, DM, CHF | ICU | Yes | Yes |
| 8/M/50s | HBP, AF | ICU | Yes | Yes |
| 9/F/60s | – | ICU | Yes | No |
| 10/M/40s | – | ICU | Yes | Yes |
| B | ||||
| Patient no./sex/age range | Anticoagulation therapy | Time between confirmatory exam and dilated eye examination, days | Retinal findings | |
| 1/M/40s | Prophylactic† | 7 | Peripheric retinal haemorrhages in OS | |
| 2/M/60s | Prophylactic† | 11 | Macular hyperpigmented lesions suggestive of RPE hyperplasia in OS | |
| 3/F/60s | None | 6 | Retina sectorial pallor at LTA and choroidal naevus in OD | |
| 4/M/60s | Prophylactic† | 55 | Peripheric retinal haemorrhages in OU | |
| 5/M/60s | Prophylactic† | 10 | Macular haemorrhages and hard exudates in OU, peripapillary flame-shaped haemorrhage in OS | |
| 6/M/70s | Full-intensity‡ | 12 | Cotton wool spots at UTA in OS | |
| 7/M/50s | Full-intensity‡ | 12 | Peripapillary flame-shaped haemorrhage in OD | |
| 8/M/50s | Full-intensity‡ | 15 | Cotton wool spots at UTA in OS | |
| 9/F/60s | None | 39 | Asteroid hyalosis in OD, cotton wool spot with adjacent flame-shaped haemorrhage at LTA in OS | |
| 10/M/40s | Prophylactic† | 0 | Peripapillary flame-shaped haemorrhage in OS | |
*Previously referred diagnosis described on medical charts.
†Prescription of enoxaparin 40 mg/day.
‡Prescription of enoxaparin 1 mg/kg two times per day or unfractionated heparin in a dosage adjusted to activated partial thromboplastin time between 61 and 85 s.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; F, female; HBP, high blood pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; LTA, lower temporal arcade; M, male; OD, right eye; OS, left eye; OU, both eyes; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; UTA, upper temporal arcade.